Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Feb 17;22(2):307.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22020307.

Biologic Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance to Drugs: What Is Hidden Behind

Maria Pantelidou  1 , Karyofyllis Tsiakitzis  2 , Eleni A Rekka  3 , Panos N Kourounakis  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Biologic Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance to Drugs: What Is Hidden Behind

Maria Pantelidou et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Stress can be defined as the homeostatic, nonspecific defensive response of the organism to challenges. It is expressed by morphological, biochemical, and functional changes. In this review, we present biological and oxidative stress, as well as their interrelation. In addition to the mediation in biologic stress (central nervous, immune, and hormonal systems) and oxidative stress, the effect of these phenomena on xenobiotic metabolism and drug response is also examined. It is concluded that stress decreases drug response, a result which seems to be mainly attributed to the induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. A number of mechanisms are presented. Structure-activity studies are also discussed. Vitamin E, as well as two synthetic novel compounds, seem to reduce both oxidative and biological stress and, consequently, influence drug response and metabolism.

Keywords: cyanosteroids; drug metabolism; drug response; drug toxicity; oxidative stress.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Compound I; and (b) Compound II.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Selye H. Stress in Health and Disease. Butterworths; Boston, MA, USA: 1976.
    1. Kobler J. The Reluctant Surgeon; a Biography of John Hunter. 1st ed. Doubleday; Garden City, NY, USA: 1960.
    1. Selye H. The Stress of Life. Rev. ed. McGraw-Hill; New York, NY, USA: 1978.
    1. Bernard C. Lectures on the Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plants. Thomas; Springfield, IL, USA: 1974.
    1. Cannon W.B. The Wisdom of the Body. W.W. Norton & Company; New York, NY, USA: 1939.

LinkOut - more resources