Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Feb 18;17(2):398.
doi: 10.3390/s17020398.

Formation and Applications of the Secondary Fiber Bragg Grating

Bai-Ou Guan  1 , Yang Ran  2 , Fu-Rong Feng  3 , Long Jin  4
Affiliations

Formation and Applications of the Secondary Fiber Bragg Grating

Bai-Ou Guan et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Being one of the most proven fiber optic devices, the fiber Bragg grating has developed continually to extend its applications, particularly in extreme environments. Accompanying the growth of Type-IIa Bragg gratings in some active fibers, a new resonance appears at the shorter wavelength. This new type of grating was named "secondary Bragg grating" (SBG). This paper describes the formation and applications of the SBGs. The formation of the SBG is attributed to the intracore Talbot-type-fringes as a result of multi-order diffractions of the inscribing beams. The SBG presents a variety of interesting characteristics, including dip merge, high-temperature resistance, distinct temperature response, and the strong higher-order harmonic reflection. These features enable its promising applications in fiber lasers and fiber sensing technology.

Keywords: Talbot effect; distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser; fiber Bragg grating; high temperature resistance; photosensitivity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental setup for FBG inscription; BBS: broadband source; OSA: optical spectrum analyzer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evolution of the Type-IIa grating and the secondary grating.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Variation of the indices throughout the grating inscription.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic of the interleaving index-modulation-structures due to the Talbot-type-fringes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic of the DBR laser structure. Inset: the photograph of the DBR laser. WDM: wavelength division multiplexer.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Spectra of the F-P interference and DBR laser output.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Measured output spectra of the laser at different temperatures; and (b) lasing wavelength versus temperature.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Stability test result of the laser at 600 °C for 2 h.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Measured transmission spectra of a two-dip grating at different temperatures.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Pump threshold and the thermal trigger (left) of the two-dip grating based DBR fiber laser (right).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Spectral evolution of the “secondary-Type-IIa” grating at 1 μm and 1.5 μm bands.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Changes of the power and wavelength of the laser versus pump power. Inset: the laser spectrum at pump power of 40 mW.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Laser sensitivity of the wavelength responding to the (a) strain or (b) temperature.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Long-term stability of the lasing wavelength at different temperatures.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hill K.O., Meltz G. Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview. J. Lightwave Technol. 1997;15:1263–1276. doi: 10.1109/50.618320. - DOI
    1. Morey W.W., Meltz G., Glenn W.H. Fibre optic Bragg grating sensors. Proc. SPIE. 1989;1169:98–107.
    1. Rao Y.J., Ribeiro A.B.L., Jackson D.A., Zhang L., Bennion I. Combined spatial- and time-division-multiplexing scheme for fibre grating sensors with drift-compensated phase-sensitive detection. Opt. Lett. 1995;20:2149–2151. doi: 10.1364/OL.20.002149. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Shao L.Y., Xiong L.Y., Chen C.K., Laronche A., Albert J. Directional bend sensor based on re-grown tilted fiber Bragg grating. J. Lightwave Technol. 2010;28:2681–2687. doi: 10.1109/JLT.2010.2064158. - DOI
    1. Guo T., Shang L.B., Ran Y., Guan B.O., Albert J. Fiber-optic vector vibroscope. Opt. Lett. 2012;37:2703–2705. doi: 10.1364/OL.37.002703. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources