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. 2017 Mar;23(3):396-404.
doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161552.

Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014

Robert Whittaker, Assimoula Economopoulou, Joana Gomes Dias, Elizabeth Bancroft, Miriam Ramliden, Lucia Pastore Celentano; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Country Experts for Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease
Collaborators

Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014

Robert Whittaker et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Mar.

Abstract

We describe the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease during 2007-2014 in 12 European countries and assess overall H. influenzae disease trends by serotype and patient age. Mean annual notification rate was 0.6 cases/100,000 population, with an increasing annual trend of 3.3% (95% CI 2.3% to 4.3%). The notification rate was highest for patients <1 month of age (23.4 cases/100,000 population). Nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) caused 78% of all cases and showed increasing trends among persons <1 month and >20 years of age. Serotype f cases showed an increasing trend among persons >60 years of age. Serotype b cases showed decreasing trends among persons 1-5 months, 1-4 years, and >40 years of age. Sustained success of routine H. influenzae serotype b vaccination is evident. Surveillance systems must adopt a broad focus for invasive H. influenzae disease. Increasing reports of NTHi, particularly among neonates, highlight the potential benefit of a vaccine against NTHi.

Keywords: Europe; bacteria; coccobacillus; epidemiology; invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease; invasive disease; invasive pathogen; serotype; surveillance; temporal trends; vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Notification rate for cases of invasive of Haemophilus influenzae disease in 12 European countries, 2007–2014. A total of 10,624 cases were notified.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Notification rate for cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, by serotype and year of notification, in 12 countries in Europe, 2007–2014. A total of 8,781 cases were notified. Cases were notified from Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. *Refers to all cases reported as H. influenzae serotypes a (Hia), b (Hib), c (Hic), d (Hid), e (Hie), and f (Hif).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of cases, by patient age group, in 12 countries in Europe with various clinical presentations of Haemophilus influenzae disease caused by serotypes b (A), e (B), and f (C) and by nontypeable H. influenzae (D), 2007–2014. Cases (N = 5,879) were in Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. *Refers to cases reported as other, cellulitis, septic arthritis, or osteomyelitis.
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