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. 2017 Feb 23;12(2):e0171049.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171049. eCollection 2017.

The pathogens profile in children with otitis media with effusion and adenoid hypertrophy

G P Buzatto  1 , E Tamashiro  1 , J L Proenca-Modena  2 , T H Saturno  3 , M C Prates  3 , T B Gagliardi  3 , L R Carenzi  1 , E T Massuda  1 , M A Hyppolito  1 , F C P Valera  1 , E Arruda  3 , W T Anselmo-Lima  1
Affiliations

The pathogens profile in children with otitis media with effusion and adenoid hypertrophy

G P Buzatto et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of viruses and bacteria in middle ear and adenoids of patients with and without otitis media with effusion (OME).

Methods: Adenoid samples and middle ear washes (MEW) were obtained from children with OME associated with adenoid hypertrophy undergoing adenoidectomy and tympanostomy, and compared to those obtained from patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery, as a control group. Specific DNA or RNA of 9 respiratory viruses (rhinovirus, influenza virus, picornavirus, syncytial respiratory virus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, adenovirus and bocavirus) and 5 bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) were extracted and quantified by real-time PCR.

Results: 37 OME and 14 cochlear implant children were included in the study. At the adenoid, virus and bacteria were similarly detected in both OME and control patients. At the middle ear washes, however, a higher prevalence of bacteria was observed in patients with OME (p = 0.01). S. pneumoniae (p = 0.01) and M. catarrhalis (p = 0.022) were the bacteria responsible for this difference. Although total virus detection was not statistically different from controls at the middle ear washes (p = 0.065), adenovirus was detected in higher proportions in adenoid samples of OME patients than controls (p = 0.019).

Conclusions: Despite both OME and control patients presented similar rates of viruses and bacteria at the adenoid, children with OME presented higher prevalence of S. pneumonia, M. catarrhalis in middle ear and adenovirus in adenoids when compared to controls. These findings could suggest that these pathogens could contribute to the fluid persistence in the middle ear.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Percentages of single infections and co-infections by respiratory viruses in adenoids and middle ear samples from OME and control patients.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Percentages of single infections and co-infections by potentially pathogenic bacteria in adenoids and middle ear samples from OME and control patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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