Global diversity and molecular systematics of Wrightoporia s.l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota)

Abstract

Wrightoporia accommodates polypores producing finely asperulate and amyloid basidiospores, and causing white rot. Thirty-nine species have been described or transferred to this genus; however, only a few species have been referred to molecular phylogeny. In this study, about 140 worldwide specimens of Wrightoporia s.l. were studied morphologically, and ITS and/or nLSU regions from 37 samples, representing 19 species, were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Six clades of Wrightoporia s.l. were recognized. The Wrightoporia s.str. clade includes W. avellanea, W. lenta (the generic type) and W. subavellanea. Three clades segregating from Wrightoporia s.str. were proposed separately as three new genera, namely Larssoniporia gen. nov., Pseudowrightoporia gen. nov. and Wrightoporiopsis gen. nov. Two other clades were named after Amylonotus and Amylosporus. According to phylogenetic and morphological evidence, species previously treated in Wrightoporia were transferred to Amylonotus, Amylosporus and the new genera, or were retained as members of Wrightoporia s.l. because no good solution for these species could be found so far. In addition, one new species in Larssoniporia, three new species in Pseudowrightoporia and two new species in Wrightoporiopsis were described. Identification keys to the six genera and species in Amylonotus, Amylosporus, Larssoniporia, Pseudowrightoporia, Wrightoporia and Wrightoporiopsis are provided, respectively.

Keywords: ITS; nLSU; polypore; wood-inhabiting fungi.

Fig. 1

Strict consensus tree illustrating the phylogeny of Russulales with an emphasis on poroid taxa generated by maximum likelihood based on ITS+nLSU sequence data. Branches are labelled with bootstrap proportions (before the slash markers) higher than 50 % and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (after the slash markers) more than 0.95.

Fig. 2

Representatives of Amylosporus, Larssoniporia, Pseudowrightoporia, Wrightoporia and Wrightoporiopsis in China. a. Amylosporus casuarinicola (Dai 6914); b. Amylosporus rubellus (Dai 9233); c. Larssoniporia incrustatocystidiata (Dai 13607); d. Pseudowrightoporia crassihypha (Cui 9073); e. Pseudowrightoporia hamata (Dai 8132); f. Pseudowrightoporia japonica (Dai 7221); g. Pseudowrightoporia oblongispora (Yuan 6101); h. Wrightoporia austrosinensis (Dai 11579); i. Wrightoporia borealis (Dai 7075); j. Wrightoporia lenta (Dai 12850); k. Wrightoporia subavellanea (Dai 10302); l. Wrightoporiopsis amylohypha (Yuan 3460). — Scale bars: a, e = 2 cm; b–d, f = 1 cm.

Fig. 3

These images show the pore surface of five new species and Wrightoporia lenta in China. a. Larssoniporia incrustatocystidiata; b. Pseudowrightoporia crassihypha; c. Pseudowrightoporia hamata; d. Pseudowrightoporia oblongispora; e. Wrightoporia lenta; f. Wrightoporiopsis amylohypha. — Scale bars: a–d, f, j–l = 1 mm; e, g–i = 2 mm.

Fig. 4

Microscopic structures of Larssoniporia incrustatocystidiata. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. encrusted cystidia; d. gloeocystidia; e. hyphae from trama; f. hyphae from subiculum (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–f = 10 μm.

Fig. 5

Microscopic structures of Pseudowrightoporia crassihypha. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. cystidia and cystidioles; d. hyphae from trama; e. hyphae from subiculum (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–e = 10 μm.

Fig. 6

Microscopic structures of Pseudowrightoporia hamata. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. gloeocystidia; d. hyphae from trama; e. hyphae from subiculum (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–e = 10 μm.

Fig. 7

Microscopic structures of Pseudowrightoporia oblongispora. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. cystidioles; d. inflated skeletal hyphae; e. hyphae from trama; f. hyphae from subiculum (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–f = 10 μm.

Fig. 8

Microscopic structures of Wrightoporiopsis amylohypha. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. cystidioles; d. hyphae from trama; e. hyphae from context (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–e = 10 μm.

Fig. 9

Microscopic structures of Wrightoporiopsis fuscocinerea. a. Basidiospores; b. basidia and basidioles; c. cystidioles; d. cystidia; e. gloeocystidia; f. hyphae from trama (all: holotype). — Scale bars: a = 5 μm; b–d, f = 10 μm; e = 20 μm.