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. 2017 Feb;41(1):117-129.
doi: 10.1007/s10608-016-9797-6. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

The Techniques for Overcoming Depression Questionnaire: Mokken Scale Analysis, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity in Depressed Cardiac Patients

Kenneth E Freedland  1 , Mariantonia Lemos  2 , Frank Doyle  3 , Brian C Steinmeyer  1 , Iris Csik  1 , Robert M Carney  1
Affiliations

The Techniques for Overcoming Depression Questionnaire: Mokken Scale Analysis, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity in Depressed Cardiac Patients

Kenneth E Freedland et al. Cognit Ther Res. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: The Techniques for Overcoming Depression (TOD) questionnaire assesses the frequency with which patients being treated for depression use cognitive-behavioral techniques in daily life. This study examined its latent structure, reliability and concurrent validity in depressed cardiac patients.

Method: The TOD was administered at the initial and final treatment sessions in three trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (n = 260) for depression in cardiac patients. Mokken scaling was used to determine its dimensionality.

Results: The TOD is unidimensional in depressed cardiac patients, both at the initial evaluation (H = .46) and the end of treatment (H = .47). It is sensitive to change and the total score correlates with therapist ratings of the patient's socialization to CBT (r=.40, p<.05), homework adherence (r=0.36, p<0.05), and use of cognitive-behavioral techniques (r=.51, p<.01). TOD scores were associated with post-treatment depression scores in two of the trials (p<.01 in both analyses).

Conclusions: The TOD is a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and clinically informative measure of self-reported use of cognitive-behavioral techniques for overcoming depression in cardiac patients. Studies of the TOD in other depressed patient populations are needed.

Keywords: cognitive therapy; depressive disorder; heart diseases; patient compliance; psychometrics; questionnaires.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

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