Early adverse life events are associated with altered brain network architecture in a sex- dependent manner

Affiliations

¹ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
² G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
³ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁴ The Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics (INI) and Laboratory of NeuroImaging (LONI), Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁵ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁶ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Integrative Medicine, GLA VHA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

PMID: 28239631
PMCID: PMC5318542
DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.02.003

Early adverse life events are associated with altered brain network architecture in a sex- dependent manner

Arpana Gupta et al. Neurobiol Stress. 2017.

. 2017 Feb 17:7:16-26.

doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.02.003. eCollection 2017 Dec.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
² G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
³ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁴ The Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics (INI) and Laboratory of NeuroImaging (LONI), Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁵ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁶ G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Integrative Medicine, GLA VHA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

PMID: 28239631
PMCID: PMC5318542
DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.02.003

Abstract

Introduction: Early adverse life events (EALs) increase the risk for chronic medical and psychiatric disorders by altering early neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to examine associations between EALs and network properties of core brain regions in the emotion regulation and salience networks, and to test the influence of sex on these associations.

Methods: Resting-state functional and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging were obtained in healthy individuals (61 men, 63 women). Functional and anatomical network properties of centrality and segregation were calculated for the core regions of the two networks using graph theory. Moderator analyses were applied to test hypotheses.

Results: The type of adversity experienced influences brain wiring differently, as higher general EALs were associated with decreased functional and anatomical centrality in salience and emotion regulation regions, while physical and emotional EALs were associated with increased anatomical centrality and segregation in emotion regulation regions. Sex moderated the associations between EALs and measures of centrality; with decreased centrality of salience and emotion regulation regions with increased general EALs in females, and increased centrality in salience regions with higher physical and emotional EALs in males. Increased segregation of salience regions was associated with increased general EALs in males. Centrality of the amygdala was associated with physical symptoms, and segregation of salience regions was correlated with higher somatization in men only.

Conclusions: Emotion regulation and salience regions are susceptible to topological brain restructuring associated with EALs. The male and female brains appear to be differently affected by specific types of EALs.

Keywords: Centrality; Early adverse traumatic life events; Emotion regulation network; Moderating effects of sex; Network metrics; Salience network; Segregation.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
**Regions of interest from the emotion regulation and salience networks**. Regions are depicted on an inflated brain in MNI Space. Emotion Regulation Network [Green]: AMYG, amygdala; sgACCA, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; pgACC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Salience Network [Red]: aINS, anterior insula (includes the following subregions: anterior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula [ACirIns], Inferior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula [InfCirIns], and Short insular gyri [ShoInG]); aMCC, anterior mid cingulate cortex. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Early adverse life events are associated with altered brain network architecture in a sex- dependent manner

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Early adverse life events are associated with altered brain network architecture in a sex- dependent manner

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