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. 2017 Feb 22;14(2):215.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14020215.

Removal Capacities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a Newly Isolated Strain from Oilfield Produced Water

Yi-Bin Qi  1 , Chen-Yu Wang  2 , Cheng-Yuan Lv  3 , Zeng-Min Lun  4 , Cheng-Gang Zheng  5
Affiliations

Removal Capacities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a Newly Isolated Strain from Oilfield Produced Water

Yi-Bin Qi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading strain Q8 was isolated from oilfield produced water. According to the analysis of a biochemical test, 16S rRNA gene, house-keeping genes and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain Q8 was assigned to a novel species of the genus Gordonia. The strain could not only grow in mineral salt medium (MM) and utilize naphthalene and pyrene as its sole carbon source, but also degraded mixed naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene. The degradation ratio of these four PAHs reached 100%, 95.4%, 73.8% and 53.4% respectively after being degraded by Q8 for seven days. A comparative experiment found that the PAHs degradation efficiency of Q8 is higher than that of Gordonia alkaliphila and Gordonia paraffinivorans, which have the capacities to remove PAHs. Fourier transform infrared spectra, saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of crude oil degraded by Q8 were also studied. The results showed that Q8 could utilize n-alkanes and PAHs in crude oil. The relative proportions of the naphthalene series, phenanthrene series, thiophene series, fluorene series, chrysene series, C21-triaromatic steroid, pyrene, and benz(a)pyrene were reduced after being degraded by Q8. Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 had the capacity to remediate water and soil environments contaminated by PAHs or crude oil, and provided a feasible way for the bioremediation of PAHs and oil pollution.

Keywords: Gordonia; bioremediation; crude oil; degradation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic trees of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 with closely related sequences from the GenBank database based on 16S rRNA, alkB, catA, gyrB and secA1 gene sequences. The scale bar represents inferred substitutions per nucleotide position. Values and nucleotide sequence accession numbers are also presented. (a) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences; (b) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on alkB gene sequences; (c) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on catA gene sequences; (d) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on gyrB gene sequences; (e) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on secA1 gene sequences.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic trees of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 with closely related sequences from the GenBank database based on 16S rRNA, alkB, catA, gyrB and secA1 gene sequences. The scale bar represents inferred substitutions per nucleotide position. Values and nucleotide sequence accession numbers are also presented. (a) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences; (b) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on alkB gene sequences; (c) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on catA gene sequences; (d) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on gyrB gene sequences; (e) Phylogenetic tree of Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 based on secA1 gene sequences.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Growth of strain Q8 in mineral salt medium (MM) with naphthalene (△) and pyrene (◇) and percentage of naphthalene (◆) and pyrene (▲) degradation. Control was percentage of naphthalene evaporation (■) performed by inoculating with dead cells. Values are mean ± standard deviations of three replicates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fourier transform infrared spectra of Jiangsu Wei5 crude oil after degradation by Q8.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Differences analysis for items of oil degraded by Q8. The control represented the crude oil in the sterilized same condition. (a) Degradation of fractions of crude oil. Data are expressed as mean value and standard deviation of independent duplicates; (b) Gas chromatograms of total hydrocarbon fractions; (c) Biodegradation of the naphthalene, phenanthrene, thiophene, fluorene, and chrysene series, C21-triaromatic steroid, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene during biodegradation by Q8.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of condition changes on biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Gordonia sp. nov. Q8: (a) pH; (b) temperature; (c) initial concentration. Values are mean ± standard deviations of three replicates.
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