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Review
. 2017 Feb 22;9(2):20.
doi: 10.3390/cancers9020020.

Androgen Receptor Signaling in Bladder Cancer

Peng Li  1   2   3 , Jinbo Chen  4   5   6 , Hiroshi Miyamoto  7   8   9   10   11
Affiliations
Review

Androgen Receptor Signaling in Bladder Cancer

Peng Li et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Emerging preclinical findings have indicated that steroid hormone receptor signaling plays an important role in bladder cancer outgrowth. In particular, androgen-mediated androgen receptor signals have been shown to correlate with the promotion of tumor development and progression, which may clearly explain some sex-specific differences in bladder cancer. This review summarizes and discusses the available data, suggesting the involvement of androgens and/or the androgen receptor pathways in urothelial carcinogenesis as well as tumor growth. While the precise mechanisms of the functions of the androgen receptor in urothelial cells remain far from being fully understood, current evidence may offer chemopreventive or therapeutic options, using androgen deprivation therapy, in patients with bladder cancer.

Keywords: androgen; androgen receptor; anti-androgen; carcinogenesis; tumor progression; urothelial cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
AR signaling in bladder cancer. A, androgen; AR, androgen receptor; ARE, androgen response element; Co-R, co-regulator; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HSP, heat shock protein.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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