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Review
. 2017 Feb 23;15(3):53.
doi: 10.3390/md15030053.

Quorum Sensing Inhibitors from the Sea Discovered Using Bacterial N-acyl-homoserine Lactone-Based Biosensors

Kumar Saurav  1 , Valeria Costantino  2 , Vittorio Venturi  3 , Laura Steindler  4
Affiliations
Review

Quorum Sensing Inhibitors from the Sea Discovered Using Bacterial N-acyl-homoserine Lactone-Based Biosensors

Kumar Saurav et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

Marine natural products with antibiotic activity have been a rich source of drug discovery; however, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has turned attention towards the discovery of alternative innovative strategies to combat pathogens. In many pathogenic bacteria, the expression of virulence factors is under the regulation of quorum sensing (QS). QS inhibitors (QSIs) present a promising alternative or potential synergistic treatment since they disrupt the signaling pathway used for intra- and interspecies coordination of expression of virulence factors. This review covers the set of molecules showing QSI activity that were isolated from marine organisms, including plants (algae), animals (sponges, cnidarians, and bryozoans), and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria). The compounds found and the methods used for their isolation are the emphasis of this review.

Keywords: N-acyl homoserine lactones; antimicrobial resistance; marine natural products; quorum quenching; quorum-sensing inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
N-acyl homoserine lactones, found in many Gram-negative bacteria, vary by substitution at the C3 position (R1) and the length of the acyl chain (R2).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of phenethylamides (1–2), cyclic dipeptides (3–7), tyrosol (8) and tyrosol acetate (9).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of Aculene E (10), Penicitor B (11), aculene C (12), aculene D (13), aspergillumarins A (14), aspergillumarins B (15), kojic acid (16) and meleagrin (17).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of 8-epi-malyngamide C (18), malyngamide C (19), malyngolide (20) and lyngbyoic acid (21).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of tumonoic acids (22–25) and honaucins A–C (26–28).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of Pitinoic acid A (29) microcolins A (30) and B (31) and a peptide lyngbyastatin 3 (32) and lyngbic acid (33).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of manoalide (34), manoalide monoacetate (35), and secomanoalide (36).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of furanosesterterpenes (37–41) and isonaamine D (42).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of Hymenialdisin (43), ageliferin (44), mauritamide B (45), midpacamide (46) and butanoic acid (47).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of (+)avarol (48) and seven alkaloids (49–55).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Structures of halogenated furanones, (56), betonicine (57), cis-betonicine (58), floridoside (59), and isethionic acid (60) and 2-dodecanoyloxyethanesulfonate (61).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structures of cembranoids (62–68).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structures of two brominated alkaloids (69, 70).
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