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Comparative Study
. 2017 Feb 23;14(3):218.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030218.

Trends of Esophageal Cancer Mortality in Rural China from 1989 to 2013: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Xudong Gao  1   2 , Zhenkun Wang  3 , Chan Kong  4 , Fen Yang  5 , Ying Wang  6 , Xiaodong Tan  7
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Trends of Esophageal Cancer Mortality in Rural China from 1989 to 2013: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Xudong Gao et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers in rural China. The aim of this study was to describe the time trends of esophageal cancer mortality in rural China and to better elucidate the causes of these trends. Methods: The mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Database and the China Health Statistical Yearbook Database. The mortality data were analyzed with age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Results: Our study indicates that the Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMRs) in rural China generally decreased from 1989 to 2003, and thereafter increased until the year 2008 in both sexes. After 2008, the ASMRs decreased again. The results of APC analysis suggest that the general decrease in esophageal cancer mortality in rural China from 1989 to 2003 might be caused by the downtrend of the cohort effects and period effects, while the general increase in mortality from 2004 to 2008 might be caused by the uptrend of the period effects. The decrease in mortality after 2008 may be relevant to the Four Trillion RMB Investment Plan launched by the Chinese Government. Conclusions: The declining cohort effects were probably related to the improvement of socioeconomic status in childhood and the decreasing consumptions of alcohol drinking and smoking, while the trends of the period effects were relevant to the changes in the dietary pattern. Our findings may help predict future changes in esophageal cancer mortality.

Keywords: APC; esophageal cancer; mortality; rural China.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in the five-year moving average age standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population for esophageal cancer in rural China.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age, period, and cohort effect on esophageal cancer mortality among men in rural China and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age, period, and cohort effect on esophageal cancer mortality among women in rural China and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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