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Comparative Study
. 2017 Feb 24;22(3):350.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22030350.

Comparison of Free Total Amino Acid Compositions and Their Functional Classifications in 13 Wild Edible Mushrooms

Liping Sun  1 , Qiuming Liu  2 , Changjun Bao  3 , Jian Fan  4
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of Free Total Amino Acid Compositions and Their Functional Classifications in 13 Wild Edible Mushrooms

Liping Sun et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Thirteen popular wild edible mushroom species in Yunnan Province, Boletus bicolor, Boletus speciosus, Boletus sinicus, Boletus craspedius, Boletus griseus, Boletus ornatipes, Xerocomus, Suillus placidus, Boletinus pinetorus, Tricholoma terreum, Tricholomopsis lividipileata, Termitomyces microcarpus, and Amanita hemibapha, were analyzed for their free amino acid compositions by online pre-column derivazation reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Twenty free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, praline, cysteine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, histidine, threonine, asparagines, glutamine, arginine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were determined. The total free amino acid (TAA) contents ranged from 1462.6 mg/100 g in B. craspedius to 13,106.2 mg/100 g in T. microcarpus. The different species showed distinct free amino acid profiles. The ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 0.13-0.41. All of the analyzed species showed high contents of hydrophobic amino acids, at 33%-54% of TAA. Alanine, cysteine, glutamine, and glutamic acid were among the most abundant amino acids present in all species. The results showed that the analyzed mushrooms possessed significant free amino acid contents, which may be important compounds contributing to the typical mushroom taste, nutritional value, and potent antioxidant properties of these wild edible mushrooms. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the accumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 94.39%. Cluster analysis revealed EAA composition and content might be an important parameter to separate the mushroom species, and T. microcarpus and A. hemibapha showed remarkable EAA content among the 13 species.

Keywords: Yunnan; free amino acids; nutrition; principal component analysis; wild edible mushrooms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Typical chromatograms of free amino acid analysis by online pre-column derivazation RP-HPLC. (A) standard of 23 amino acids; (B) Suillus placidus. 1. aspartic acid; 2. glutamic acid; 3. asparagines; 4. serine; 5. glutamine; 6. histidine; 7. glycine; 8. threonine; 9. arginine; 10.alanine; 11. tyrosine; 12. cysteine; 13. valine; 14. methionine; 15. norvaline; 16. tryptophan; 17. phenylalanine; 18. isoleucine; 19. leucine; 20. lysine; 21. hydroxyproline; 22. sarcosine; 23. proline.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Amino acid profiles of the mushroom species. Abbreviations: Bbi, B. bicolor, Bsp, B. speciosus, Bsi, B. Sinicus, Bcr, B. craspedius, Bgr, B. griseus, Bor, B. ornatipes, Xer, Xerocomus, Spl, S. placidus, Bpi, B. pinetorus, Tte, T. terreum, Tli, T. lividipileata, Tmi, T. microcarpus, Ahe, A. hemibapha. Asp, aspartic acid, Glu, glutamic acid, Ser, serine, Gly, glycine, Ala, alanine, Pro, proline, Cys, cysteine, Val, valine, Met, methionine, Phe, phenylalanine, Ile, isoleucine, Leu, leucine, Lys, lysine, His, histidine, Thr, threonine, Asn, asparagines, Gln, glutamine, Arg, arginine, Tyr, tyrosine, Trp, tryptophan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tree diagram of the cluster analysis for the 13 mushroom species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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