Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Feb 18;10(2):211-216.
doi: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.05. eCollection 2017.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a promising agent for myopia?

Ayse Idil Cakmak  1 , Hikmet Basmak  1 , Huseyin Gursoy  1 , Mete Ozkurt  2 , Nilgun Yildirim  1 , Nilufer Erkasap  2 , Mustafa Deger Bilgec  1 , Nese Tuncel  2 , Ertugrul Colak  3
Affiliations

Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a promising agent for myopia?

Ayse Idil Cakmak et al. Int J Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in form-deprivation myopia (FDM).

Methods: FDM was created in three groups of eight chicks by placing a translucent diffuser on their right eyes. Intravitreal injections of saline and VIP were applied once a day into the occluded eyes of groups 2 and 3, respectively. Retinoscopy and axial length (AL) measurements were performed on the first and 8th days of diffuser wear. The retina mRNA levels of the VIP receptors and the ZENK protein in right eyes of the three groups and left eyes of the first group on day 8 were determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The median final refraction (D) in right eyes were -13.75 (-16.00, -12.00), -11.50 (-12.50, -7.50), and -1.50 (-4.75, -0.75) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P<0.001). The median AL (mm) in right eyes were 10.65 (10.00, 11.10), 9.90 (9.70, 10.00), and 9.20 (9.15, 9.25) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P<0.001). The median delta-delta cycle threshold (CT) values for the VIP2 receptors were 1.07 (0.82, 1.43), 1.22 (0.98, 1.65), 0.29 (0.22, 0.45) in right eyes of groups 1, 2, and 3, and 1.18 (0.90, 1.37) in left eyes of group 1, respectively (P=0.001). The median delta-delta CT values for the ZENK protein were 1.07 (0.63, 5.03), 3.55 (2.20, 5.55), undetectable in right eyes of groups 1, 2, and 3 and 1.89 (0.21, 4.73) in left eyes of group 1, respectively (P=0.001).

Conclusion: VIP has potential inhibitory effects in the development of FDM.

Keywords: ZENK protein; chicks; form-deprivation myopia; myopia; vasoactive intestinal peptide; vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM. Myopia. Lancet. 2012;379(9827):1739–1748. - PubMed
    1. Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin Genet. 2011;79(4):301–320. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Flitcroft DI. Is myopia a failure of homeostasis? Exp Eye Res. 2013;114:16–24. - PubMed
    1. Pardue MT, Stone RA, Iuvone PM. Investigating mechanisms of myopia in mice. Exp Eye Res. 2013;114:96–105. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Seltner RL, Stell WK. The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on development of form deprivation myopia in the chick: a pharmacological and immunocytochemical study. Vision Research. 1995;35(9):1265–1270. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources