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. 2017:2017:5370545.
doi: 10.1155/2017/5370545. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

Antioxidant Properties and Cardioprotective Mechanism of Malaysian Propolis in Rats

Romana Ahmed  1 , E M Tanvir  2 , Md Sakib Hossen  1 , Rizwana Afroz  1 , Istiyak Ahmmed  1 , Nur-E-Noushin Rumpa  1 , Sudip Paul  1 , Siew Hua Gan  3 , Siti Amrah Sulaiman  4 , Md Ibrahim Khalil  5
Affiliations

Antioxidant Properties and Cardioprotective Mechanism of Malaysian Propolis in Rats

Romana Ahmed et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017.

Abstract

Propolis contains high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, and reducing sugars and proteins. Malaysian Propolis (MP) has been reported to exhibit high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. Herein, we report the antioxidant properties and cardioprotective properties of MP in isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial infarction in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were pretreated orally with an ethanol extract of MP (100 mg/kg/day) for 30 consecutive days. Subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg in saline) for two consecutive days caused a significant increase in serum cardiac marker enzymes and cardiac troponin I levels and altered serum lipid profiles. In addition significantly increased lipid peroxides and decreased activities of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes were observed in the myocardium. However, pretreatment of ischemic rats with MP ameliorated the biochemical parameters, indicating the protective effect of MP against ISO-induced ischemia in rats. Histopathological findings obtained for the myocardium further confirmed the biochemical findings. It is concluded that MP exhibits cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced oxidative stress through its direct cytotoxic radical-scavenging activities. It is also plausible that MP contributed to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity via inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of DPPH inhibition of propolis against an ascorbic acid standard showing a dose-dependent inhibition potential.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of MP on serum cTn I in normal and treated rats. The bars represent means ± SD (n = 8); bars with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significantly different mean values at p < 0.05. ND: not detected.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of MP and ISO on serum CK-MB and LDH levels in normal and different treated rats. The bars represent means ± SD (n = 8); bars with different letters (a, b, c, d) indicate significantly different mean values at p < 0.05. MP: Malaysian Propolis. ISO: isoproterenol.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of MP and ISO on serum AST and ALT levels in normal and different treated rats. The bars represent means ± SD (n = 8); bars with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significantly different mean values at p < 0.05. MP: Malaysian Propolis. ISO: isoproterenol.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of MP and ISO on serum lipid profile in normal and different treated rats. The bars represent means ± SD (n = 8); bars with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significantly different mean values at p < 0.05. MP: Malaysian Propolis. ISO: isoproterenol.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of MP and ISO on cardiac LPO levels in normal and different treated rats. The bars represent means ± SD (n = 8); bars with different letters (a, b, c) indicate significantly different mean values at p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Group I: H & E stained myocardial tissue section from normal control heart showing normal cardiac muscle fibers. (b) Group II: pretreatment with MP (100 mg/kg) showing normal muscle fibers without any pathological changes. (c) Group III: ISO (85 mg/kg) treated heart showing cardiac muscle fibers with muscle separation (black arrows), edematous intramuscular space (red arrows), cellular necrosis (blue arrows), and infiltration of inflammatory cells (green arrows). (d) MP (100 mg/kg) + ISO (85 mg/kg) treated heart showing lowered inflammatory cells (green arrows) and reduced muscle fibrous separation with edematous intramuscular space.
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