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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Mar 6;3(3):CD010973.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010973.pub2.

Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Alice E Martin  1 , Tamsin V Newlove-Delgado  2 , Rebecca A Abbott  2 , Alison Bethel  2 , Joanna Thompson-Coon  2 , Rebecca Whear  2 , Stuart Logan  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Alice E Martin et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Between 4% and 25% of school-aged children at some stage complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with their daily lives. When no clear organic cause is found, the children are managed with reassurance and simple measures; a large range of pharmacological interventions have been recommended for use in these children.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for RAP in children of school age.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and eight other electronic databases up to June 2016. We also searched two trials registers and contacted researchers of published studies.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials involving children aged five to 18 years old with RAP or an abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder, as defined by the Rome III criteria (Rasquin 2006). The interventions were any pharmacological intervention compared to placebo, no treatment, waiting list, or standard care. The primary outcome measures were pain intensity, pain duration or pain frequency, and improvement in pain. The secondary outcome measures were school performance, social or psychological functioning, and quality of daily life.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and potentially relevant full-text reports for eligible studies. Two review authors extracted data and performed a 'Risk of bias' assessment. We used the GRADE approach to rate the overall quality of the evidence. We deemed a meta-analysis to be not appropriate as the studies were significantly heterogeneous. We have consequently provided a narrative summary of the results.

Main results: This review included 16 studies with a total of 1024 participants aged between five and 18 years, all of whom were recruited from paediatric outpatient clinics. Studies were conducted in seven countries: seven in the USA, four in Iran, and one each in the UK, Switzerland, Turkey, Sri Lanka, and India. Follow-up ranged from two weeks to four months. The studies examined the following interventions to treat RAP: tricyclic antidepressants, antibiotics, 5-HT4 receptor agonists, antispasmodics, antihistamines, H2 receptor antagonists, serotonin antagonists, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, a dopamine receptor antagonist, and a hormone. Although some single studies reported that treatments were effective, all of these studies were either small or had key methodological weaknesses with a substantial risk of bias. None of these 'positive' results have been reproduced in subsequent studies. We judged the evidence of effectiveness to be of low quality. No adverse effects were reported in these studies.

Authors' conclusions: There is currently no convincing evidence to support the use of drugs to treat RAP in children. Well-conducted clinical trials are needed to evaluate any possible benefits and risks of pharmacological interventions. In practice, if a clinician chooses to use a drug as a 'therapeutic trial', they and the patient need to be aware that RAP is a fluctuating condition and any 'response' may reflect the natural history of the condition or a placebo effect, rather than drug efficacy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The work of the evidence synthesis team is funded by the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC). The Funder has had no role in the review itself.

Alice E Martin: none known. Tamsin V Newlove‐Delgado: none known. Rebecca A Abbott: none known. Alison Bethel: none known. Joanna Thompson‐Coon: none known. Rebecca Whear: none known Stuart Logan: none known.

The authors who practice clinical paediatrics are Alice E Martin and Stuart Logan. Alice is a Paediatric Trainee and works under the guidance of various consultant paediatricians. Stuart is a Consultant Paediatrician and treats children according to current best evidence, in light of their preference. There are therefore no conflicts of interest with this review.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
3
3
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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