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. 2017 Mar 7:7:43899.
doi: 10.1038/srep43899.

Identifying the chiral d-wave superconductivity by Josephson φ0-states

Jun-Feng Liu  1 , Yong Xu  1 , Jun Wang  2
Affiliations

Identifying the chiral d-wave superconductivity by Josephson φ0-states

Jun-Feng Liu et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

We propose the Josephson junctions linked by a normal metal between a d + id superconductor and another d + id superconductor, a d-wave superconductor, or a s-wave superconductor for identifying the chiral d + id superconductivity. The time-reversal breaking in the chiral d-wave superconducting state is shown to result in a Josephson φ0-junction state where the current-phase relation is shifted by a phase φ0 from the sinusoidal relation, other than 0 and π. The ground-state phase difference φ0 and the critical current can be used to definitely confirm and read the information about the d + id superconductivity. A smooth evolution from conventional 0-π transitions to tunable φ0-states can be observed by changing the relative magnitude of two types of d-wave components in the d + id pairing. On the other hand, the Josephson junction involving the d + id superconductor is also the simplest model to realize a φ0- junction, which is useful in superconducting electronics and superconducting quantum computation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagrams of Josephson junctions linked by a normal metal between a d + id superconductor and (a) another d + id superconductor, (b) a d-wave superconductor, and (c) a s-wave superconductor. The junctions lie in the x-y plane and the transport is along the x-direction.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Josephson current for the Junction between two d + id superconductors with different directions of the α-axis.
(a) CPR for various γL with fixed ΔL2/ΔL1 = 1. (b) The ground-state phase difference and (c) the critical current as functions of ΔL2/ΔL1 and γL are shown in the contour plots. The temperature T = 0.5Tc with Tc the critical temperature. ΔL1 = ΔR1 = ΔR2 = 10−3 μ, γR = 0. |ΔL|max = max(ΔL1, ΔL2).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Josephson current for the Junction between a d + id superconductors and a d-wave superconductor.
(a) CPR for various γL with fixed ΔL2/ΔL1 = 1. (b) The ground-state phase difference and (c) the critical current as functions of ΔL2/ΔL1 and γL are shown in the contour plots. T = 0.5Tc, ΔL1 = ΔR1 = 10−3 μ, ΔR2 = 0, γR = π/4.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Josephson current for the Junction between a d + id superconductors and a s-wave superconductor.
(a) CPR for various γL with fixed ΔL2/ΔL1 = 0.3. (b) The ground-state phase difference and (c) the critical current as functions of ΔL2/ΔL1 and γL are shown in the contour plots. T = 0.5Tc, ΔL1 = ΔR = 10−3 μ.
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