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Observational Study
. 2017:2017:9253710.
doi: 10.1155/2017/9253710. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

EDIN Scale Implemented by Gestational Age for Pain Assessment in Preterms: A Prospective Study

G Raffaeli  1 , G Cristofori  1 , B Befani  1 , A De Carli  1 , G Cavallaro  1 , M Fumagalli  1 , L Plevani  1 , F Mosca  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

EDIN Scale Implemented by Gestational Age for Pain Assessment in Preterms: A Prospective Study

G Raffaeli et al. Biomed Res Int. 2017.

Abstract

Background. Chronic neonatal pain can lead to long-term adverse effects on the immature brain. EDIN scale for prolonged pain might not be fully suitable for premature infants. We aimed to test a modified EDIN scale, adding postmenstrual age (PMA) as a sixth item (EDIN6). Methods. In a two-phase prospective study, pain was assessed in all neonates admitted in our NICU. In T1 EDIN was applied; in T2 EDIN6 with additional scores of 2, 1, and 0, respectively, for 25-32, 33-37, and >37 weeks PCA was tested. Scores > 6 suggested pain. The nursing staff was given a questionnaire to evaluate EDIN and EDIN6. Results. A total of 15960 pain assessments were recorded (8693 in T1; 7267 in T2). With EDIN6, cumulative detection of pain almost tripled (117/7267 versus 52/8693, p = 0.001). Main differences were found among less mature categories (50/1472 versus 17/1734, p = 0.001 in PCA 25-32; 26/2606 versus 10/4335, p = 0.001 in PMA 33-37; 41/3189 versus 25/2624, p = 0.26 in PMA > 37). Adequacy of pain assessment in lower PMA was judged "medium-high" in 13,4% of nurses in T1 and 71,4% in T2. Conclusions. EDIN6 may allow improved evaluation of pain in preterm infants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of pain assessment by (a) EDIN and (b) EDIN6 for PMA < 33 wks (dashed line); PMA 33–37 wks (continuous line); and PMA > 37 wks (dotted line). The majority of scores (99.4% in t1; 98,4% in t2) are indicative of “No-pain” state by all different PMA groups. EDIN: Échelle de Douleur et d'Inconfort du Nouveau-né; PMA: postmenstrual age.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Variable clinical experience in the neonatal intensive care (years) of the nursing staff participating in the survey.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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