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Review
. 2017 Feb;8(1):199-212.
doi: 10.21037/jgo.2017.01.01.

Current companion diagnostics in advanced colorectal cancer; getting a bigger and better piece of the pie

Jonathan M Loree  1 , Scott Kopetz  1 , Kanwal P S Raghav  1
Affiliations
Review

Current companion diagnostics in advanced colorectal cancer; getting a bigger and better piece of the pie

Jonathan M Loree et al. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

While the treatment of colorectal cancer continues to rely heavily on conventional cytotoxic therapy, an increasing number of targeted agents are under development. Many of these treatments require companion diagnostic tests in order to define an appropriate population that will derive benefit. In addition, a growing number of biomarkers provide prognostic information about a patient's malignancy. As we learn more about these biomarkers and their assays, selecting the appropriate companion diagnostic becomes increasingly important. In the case of many biomarkers, there are numerous assays which could provide the same information to a treating physician, however each assay has strengths and weaknesses. Institutions must balance cost, assay sensitivity, turn-around time, and labor resources when selecting which assay to offer. In this review we will discuss the current state of companion diagnostics available in metastatic colorectal cancer and explore emerging biomarkers and their assays. We will focus on KRAS, BRAF, HER2, and PIK3CA testing, as well as microsatellite stability assessment and multigene panels.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; biomarker; companion diagnostic; next generation sequencing (NGS).

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of common biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer. WT, wild type; MT, mutant; MSI, microsatelite instable; MSS, microsatelite stable.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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