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Review
. 2017:2017:4863079.
doi: 10.1155/2017/4863079. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

Phase I and Phase II Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update on Currently Studied Drugs in Clinical Research

Cesar Reis  1 , Onat Akyol  2 , Wing Mann Ho  3 , Camila Araujo  2 , Lei Huang  1 , Richard Applegate II  1 , John H Zhang  4
Affiliations
Review

Phase I and Phase II Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update on Currently Studied Drugs in Clinical Research

Cesar Reis et al. Biomed Res Int. 2017.

Abstract

Acute ischemic stroke is a devastating cause of death and disability, consequences of which depend on the time from ischemia onset to treatment, the affected brain region, and its size. The main targets of ischemic stroke therapy aim to restore tissue perfusion in the ischemic penumbra in order to decrease the total infarct area by maintaining blood flow. Advances in research of pathological process and pathways during acute ischemia have resulted in improvement of new treatment strategies apart from restoring perfusion. Additionally, limiting the injury severity by manipulating the molecular mechanisms during ischemia has become a promising approach, especially in animal research. The purpose of this article is to review completed and ongoing phases I and II trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, reviewing studies on antithrombotic, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, and antineuroinflammatory drugs that may translate into more effective treatments.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors state no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
This figure provides an overview of the cellular mechanisms activated after cerebral ischemia and their respective targets by the different therapies (excitotoxicity and glutamate release, neuroinflammation with proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory states, etc.).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The drugs eptifibatide and revacept act by decreasing platelet aggregation and further formation of a clot.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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