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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Mar 16;3(3):CD011969.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011969.pub2.

Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults

Taline A Boghossian  1 , Farah Joy Rashid  1 , Wade Thompson  2 , Vivian Welch  2 , Paul Moayyedi  3 , Carlos Rojas-Fernandez  4 , Kevin Pottie  2   5 , Barbara Farrell  2   4   5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults

Taline A Boghossian et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that reduce acid secretion and are used for treating many conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and hypersecretory conditions (e.g. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), and as part of the eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori bacteria. However, approximately 25% to 70% of people are prescribed a PPI inappropriately. Chronic PPI use without reassessment contributes to polypharmacy and puts people at risk of experiencing drug interactions and adverse events (e.g. Clostridium difficile infection, pneumonia, hypomagnesaemia, and fractures).

Objectives: To determine the effects (benefits and harms) associated with deprescribing long-term PPI therapy in adults, compared to chronic daily use (28 days or greater).

Search methods: We searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 10), MEDLINE, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP). The last date of search was November 2016. We handsearched the reference lists of relevant studies. We screened 2357 articles (2317 identified through search strategy, 40 through other resources). Of these articles, we assessed 89 for eligibility.

Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials comparing at least one deprescribing modality (e.g. stopping PPI or reducing PPI) with a control consisting of no change in continuous daily PPI use in adult chronic users. Outcomes of interest were: change in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, drug burden/PPI use, cost/resource use, negative and positive drug withdrawal events, and participant satisfaction.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently reviewed and extracted data and completed the risk of bias assessment. A third review author independently confirmed risk of bias assessment. We used Review Manager 5 software for data analysis. We contacted study authors if there was missing information.

Main results: The review included six trials (n = 1758). Trial participants were aged 48 to 57 years, except for one trial that had a mean age of 73 years. All participants were from the outpatient setting and had either nonerosive reflux disease or milder grades of esophagitis (LA grade A or B). Five trials investigated on-demand deprescribing and one trial examined abrupt discontinuation. There was low quality evidence that on-demand use of PPI may increase risk of 'lack of symptom control' compared with continuous PPI use (risk ratio (RR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31 to 2.21), thereby favoring continuous PPI use (five trials, n = 1653). There was a clinically significant reduction in 'drug burden', measured as PPI pill use per week with on-demand therapy (mean difference (MD) -3.79, 95% CI -4.73 to -2.84), favoring deprescribing based on moderate quality evidence (four trials, n = 1152). There was also low quality evidence that on-demand PPI use may be associated with reduced participant satisfaction compared with continuous PPI use. None of the included studies reported cost/resource use or positive drug withdrawal effects.

Authors' conclusions: In people with mild GERD, on-demand deprescribing may lead to an increase in GI symptoms (e.g. dyspepsia, regurgitation) and probably a reduction in pill burden. There was a decline in participant satisfaction, although heterogeneity was high. There were insufficient data to make a conclusion regarding long-term benefits and harms of PPI discontinuation, although two trials (one on-demand trial and one abrupt discontinuation trial) reported endoscopic findings in their intervention groups at study end.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

TB: none known.

FJR: none known.

VW: none known.

CRF: none known.

PM: has received funding for lectures and a research chair has been funded, in part, by an unrestricted grant from AstraZeneca to McMaster University. PM is the joint coordinating editor of the Cochrane Upper Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases Group, however editorial decisions about this review were made by the other joint coordinating editor and independent peer reviewers.

KP: none known.

WT: none known.

BF: funding for preparation (including relevant systematic review) and evaluation of an evidence‐based PPI deprescribing guideline was provided to BF's research institute by the Government of Ontario, Canada. BF has received an honorarium to present a lecture overview of the guideline at the Ontario (Canada) Long‐Term Care Physicians' annual meeting.

All members and authors of this systematic review and the affiliated PPI‐deprescribing guideline team are required to complete a standardized declaration of interest form.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram. NSAID: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; RCT: randomized controlled trial.
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgments about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 On‐demand proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus discontinued use, Outcome 1 Lack of symptom control.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 On‐demand proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus discontinued use, Outcome 2 Pill use.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 On‐demand proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus discontinued use, Outcome 3 Adverse drug withdrawal event.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 On‐demand proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus discontinued use, Outcome 4 Participant satisfaction.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Abrupt discontinuation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus continued use, Outcome 1 Lack of symptom control.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Abrupt discontinuation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) deprescribing versus continued use, Outcome 2 Adverse drug withdrawal events.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

  • doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011969

References

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