Astragaloside IV for Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Abstract

Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) is a principal component of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari (Huangqi) and exerts potential neuroprotection in experimental ischemic stroke. Here, we systematically assessed the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of AST-IV for experimental acute ischemic stroke. An electronic search in eight databases was conducted from inception to March 2016. The study quality score was evaluated using the CAMARADES. Rev Man 5.0 software was used for data analyses. Thirteen studies with 244 animals were identified. The study quality score of included studies ranged from 3/10 to 8/10. Eleven studies showed significant effects of AST-IV for ameliorating the neurological function score (P < 0.05); seven studies for reducing the infarct volume (P < 0.05); and three or two studies for reducing the brain water content and Evans blue leakage (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the control. The mechanisms of AST-IV for ischemic stroke are multiple such as antioxidative/nitration stress reaction, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis. In conclusion, the findings of present study indicated that AST-IV could improve neurological deficits and infarct volume and reduce the blood-brain barrier permeability in experimental cerebral ischemia despite some methodological flaws. Thus, AST-IV exerted a possible neuroprotective effect during the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury largely through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis properties.

Figure 1

Chemical structures of Astragaloside IV.

Figure 2

Summary of the process for identifying candidate studies.

Figure 3

The forest plot: effects of Astragaloside IV for improving the neurological function score compared with middle carotid artery occlusion group according to Bederson criterion.

Figure 4

The forest plot: effects of Astragaloside IV for improving the neurological function score compared with middle carotid artery occlusion group according to Longa criterion.

Figure 5

The forest plot: effects of Astragaloside IV for reducing the infarct volume compared with middle carotid artery occlusion group.

Figure 6

The forest plot: effects of Astragaloside IV for reducing the brain water content compared with middle carotid artery occlusion group.