Sigma 1 Receptor and Ion Channel Dynamics in Cancer

Abstract

SigmaR1 is a multitasking chaperone protein which has mainly been studied in CNS physiological and pathophysiological processes such as pain, memory, neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, retinal neurodegeneration ), stroke and addiction . Strikingly, G-protein and ion channels are the main client protein fami lies of this atypical chaperone and the recent advances that have been performed for the last 10 years demonstrate that SigmaR1 is principally activated following tissue injury and disease development to promote cell survival. In this chapter, we synthesize the data enhancing our comprehension of the interaction between SigmaR1 and ion channels and the unexpected consequences of such functional coupling in cancer development. We also describe a model in which the pro-survival functions of SigmaR1 observed in CNS pathologies are hijacked by cancer cells to shape their electrical signature and behavior in response to the tumor microenvironment .

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Cancer; Cell cycle; Extra cellular matrix; Integrin; Invasion; Ion channels; Sigma1R; Tumour microenvironment.