Aroma compound diacetyl suppresses glucagon-like peptide-1 production and secretion in STC-1 cells

Abstract

Diacetyl is a volatile flavour compound that has a characteristic buttery aroma and is widely used in the flavour industry. The aroma of a food plays an important role in food palatability and thus intake. This study investigates the effect of diacetyl on the satiety hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), using the enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1. Diacetyl decreased proglucagon mRNA and total GLP-1 from glucose stimulated STC-1 cells. This dampening effect on GLP-1 appears to be mediated by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, increasing synthesis of the G protein coupled receptor, GPR120, and its recruitment to the cell surface. Voltage gated Ca₂₊ channels, K⁺_ATP channels and the α-gustducin taste pathway do not appear to be involved. These findings demonstrate that components contributing to food palatability suppress GLP-1. This ability of diacetyl to reduce satiety signals may contribute to overconsumption of some palatable foods.

Keywords: Diacetyl; Diacetyl (PubChem CID:650); Flavour compound; GPR120; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Nicardipine (PubChem CID:41114); Nitrendipine (PubChem CID:4507); Satiety; Tolbutamide (PubChem CID:5505).