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. 2017 Jul;24(7):1904-1915.
doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5841-3. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Nonoperative Management or 'Watch and Wait' for Rectal Cancer with Complete Clinical Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Critical Appraisal

Tarik Sammour  1 , Brandee A Price  1 , Kate J Krause  2 , George J Chang  3   4
Affiliations

Nonoperative Management or 'Watch and Wait' for Rectal Cancer with Complete Clinical Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Critical Appraisal

Tarik Sammour et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Background: There is increasing interest in nonoperative management (NOM) for rectal cancer with complete clinical response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT).

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on NOM, with the intention of formulating standardized protocols on which to base future investigations.

Methods: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. A highly sensitive literature search identified all relevant studies published between January 2004 and December 2016. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed independently by two authors, and resolved by consensus with a third reviewer.

Results: In total, 15 studies, including 920 patients, met the inclusion criteria; 575 (62.5%) of these patients underwent NOM after cCR, with the remaining patients forming a surgical control group. The weighted mean follow-up was 39.4 (12.7) months in the NOM group and 39.8 (5.1) months in the surgery group. The pooled regrowth rate in the NOM group was 21.3% at a mean of 15.6 (7.0) months. Surgical salvage was possible and was undertaken in 93.2% of these patients. Overall survival in the NOM group was 91.7%, while disease-free survival was 82.7%. For the comparison proctectomy group, pooled rates of local recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival were 8.4, 92.4, and 87.5%, respectively.

Conclusion: NOM may be a feasible option for surgically eligible rectal cancer patients with cCR after nCRT. Before such a strategy can be widely implemented, further prospective data are required with standardized definitions, diagnostic criteria, and management protocols, with an emphasis on shared patient-provider decision making and patient-centered outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no relevant conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
PRISMA diagram
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Published studies on Non-operative management.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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