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Review
. 2015 Aug;5(4):337-353.
doi: 10.1007/s13205-014-0246-5. Epub 2014 Aug 21.

Lignocellulosic agriculture wastes as biomass feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production: concepts and recent developments

Jitendra Kumar Saini  1   2 , Reetu Saini  3   4 , Lakshmi Tewari  5
Affiliations
Review

Lignocellulosic agriculture wastes as biomass feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production: concepts and recent developments

Jitendra Kumar Saini et al. 3 Biotech. 2015 Aug.

Abstract

Production of liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol, has been advocated as a sustainable option to tackle the problems associated with rising crude oil prices, global warming and diminishing petroleum reserves. Second-generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic feedstock by its saccharification, followed by microbial fermentation and product recovery. Agricultural residues generated as wastes during or after processing of agricultural crops are one of such renewable and lignocellulose-rich biomass resources available in huge amounts for bioethanol production. These agricultural residues are converted to bioethanol in several steps which are described here. This review enlightens various steps involved in production of the second-generation bioethanol. Mechanisms and recent advances in pretreatment, cellulases production and second-generation ethanol production processes are described here.

Keywords: Agricultural wastes; Bioethanol; Cellulase; Lignocellulose; Residues.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sites of action of cellulases on cellulose polymer
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The endo-exo model for synergy between endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase in a cellulolytic system during cellulose hydrolysis. formula image = reducing end; formula image = modified reducing end; formula image = β(1,4) linkage; formula image = modified glucose; formula image = unmodified glucose
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Process configurations for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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