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. 2017 Mar 22;9(3):61.
doi: 10.3390/v9030061.

Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

Eliana Ruiz  1 , Monique Oosterhof  2   3 , Ruth-Anne Sandaa  4 , Aud Larsen  5   6 , António Pagarete  7
Affiliations

Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania huxleyi-EhV System

Eliana Ruiz et al. Viruses. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Viruses are thought to be fundamental in driving microbial diversity in the oceanic planktonic realm. That role and associated emerging infection patterns remain particularly elusive for eukaryotic phytoplankton and their viruses. Here we used a vast number of strains from the model system Emiliania huxleyi/Emiliania huxleyi Virus to quantify parameters such as growth rate (µ), resistance (R), and viral production (Vp) capacities. Algal and viral abundances were monitored by flow cytometry during 72-h incubation experiments. The results pointed out higher viral production capacity in generalist EhV strains, and the virus-host infection network showed a strong co-evolution pattern between E. huxleyi and EhV populations. The existence of a trade-off between resistance and growth capacities was not confirmed.

Keywords: Coccolithophore; Coccolithovirus; Haptophyta; Killing-the-winner; Phycodnaviridae; algae virus; cost of resistance; infectivity trade-offs; marine viral ecology; viral-host interactions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resistance capacity R1 (calculated as the ratio between the number of cells that did not lyse after incubation with viruses and the number of cells in the non-inoculated controls) plotted against growth rate (μ). Error bars show standard deviation (n = 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Resistance capacity R2 (number of viral strains infecting each algal strain) plotted against growth rate (μ). Error bars show standard deviation (n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Viral production (Vp) plotted against resistance capacity R1. Error bars show standard deviation (n = 13).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Number of viral strains infecting each algal strain and maximum viral production correlation. Error bars show standard deviation (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Differences between maximum viral production among EhV strains. Error bars show standard deviation (n = 49).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Viral-host infectivity network with a clear nested pattern (NODF value of 0.60) where specialist viruses tend to infect the most susceptible hosts, while viruses with broader host-range infect hosts with higher resistance. ■: infection; □: no infection. Sidebars represent μ, R1 and Vp parameters, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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