Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Nov 14;6(11):211.
doi: 10.3390/nano6110211.

Design and Electrochemical Study of Platinum-Based Nanomaterials for Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide in Biomedical Applications

Maduraiveeran Govindhan  1 , Zhonggang Liu  2 , Aicheng Chen  3
Affiliations
Review

Design and Electrochemical Study of Platinum-Based Nanomaterials for Sensitive Detection of Nitric Oxide in Biomedical Applications

Maduraiveeran Govindhan et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The extensive physiological and regulatory roles of nitric oxide (NO) have spurred the development of NO sensors, which are of critical importance in neuroscience and various medical applications. The development of electrochemical NO sensors is of significant importance, and has garnered a tremendous amount of attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, low cost, miniaturization, and the possibility of real-time monitoring. Nanostructured platinum (Pt)-based materials have attracted considerable interest regarding their use in the design of electrochemical sensors for the detection of NO, due to their unique properties and the potential for new and innovative applications. This review focuses primarily on advances and insights into the utilization of nanostructured Pt-based electrode materials, such as nanoporous Pt, Pt and PtAu nanoparticles, PtAu nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and PtW nanoparticle/rGO-ionic liquid (IL) nanocomposites, for the detection of NO. The design, fabrication, characterization, and integration of electrochemical NO sensing performance, selectivity, and durability are addressed. The attractive electrochemical properties of Pt-based nanomaterials have great potential for increasing the competitiveness of these new sensors and open up new opportunities in the creation of novel NO-sensing technologies for biological and medical applications.

Keywords: biomedical applications; electrocatalysis; electrochemical sensors; modified electrodes; nanomaterials; nitric oxide; platinum; tungsten.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photograph of the AAO/Pt electrode (A) with the general schematic diagram (B). FE-SEM of the sputtered Pt (C) and (D) the amperometric current-time curve response obtained for successive addition of 0.1 μM of NO with Nafion/poly-PtTAPc nanotube/AAO/Pt (red line) and, Nafion/poly-PtTAPc/GCE (black line) for NO concentration of 0.1–1.0 μM in PB (pH 7.4). Adapted with permission from Reference [45]. Copyright American Chemical Society, 2013.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. SECM is set for a two-dimensional scan at a constant height mode; (B) a typical sensor current response curve as a function of the NO concentrations (Inset: corresponding calibration curve). Adapted with permission from reference [57]. Copyright American Chemical Society, 2011.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FE-SEM images of the rGO sheets (A); Co3O4 nanocubes (B); rGO-Co3O4 (C) and rGO-Co3O4@Pt nanocomposite (D). Reprinted with permission from Reference [42]. Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FE-SEM images observed for rGO (A) and Au/rGO (B); Pt/rGO (C) and PtAu/rGO nanocomposites (D); the elemental mapping of Au (E) and Pt (F) of the PtAu/rGO nanocomposites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) DPV responses of 5.0 μM NO on bare GCE, rGO, Au-rGO, Pt-rGO, and PtAu-rGO modified GCE; (B) Dependence of peak current and corresponding peak potential of 5.0 μM NO at different Au/Pt molar ratios of the PtAu-rGO modified electrode; (C) DPV responses of an PtAu-rGO electrode toward NO with different concentrations; (D) Corresponding calibration plot. Electrolyte: 0.1 M PB solution (pH 7.2). Adapted with permission from Reference [40]. Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FE-SEM images observed for rGO-IL (A) and W/rGO-IL (B); Pt/rGO-IL (C) and PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposites (D); the elemental mapping of Wu (E) and Pt (F) of the PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposites.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) CVs of the bare GC (black), rGO-IL (red), W/rGO-IL (blue), PtW(25:75)/rGO-IL (light green), PtW(50:50)/rGO-IL (dark green) and PtW(75:25)/rGO-IL (purple) and Pt/rGO-IL (pink) electrodes recorded for 500 µM NO2−; (B) The correlation plots of jpa against various electrodes; (C) Amperometric i-t curve response obtained for the PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposite electrode under various NO2− concentrations, Eapp: 0.78 V; (D) Corresponding calibration plot. Electrolyte: 0.1 M PB (pH: 2.5). Adapted with permission from Reference [72]. Copyright Springer, 2016.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Amperometric i-t curve response obtained for the PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposite electrode in 0.1 M PB (pH: 7.4) to various NO concentrations (2 nM to 0.2 mM), Eapp: 0.78 V; (B) The corresponding calibration plot of current density against NO concentrations.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(A) DPVs of the PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposite electrode recorded (black, dotted line), 200 µM of DA, AA, and UA (dark red, solid line), 200 µM of DA, AA, and UA with 5 (red, solid line), 10 (green, solid line), 15 (blue, solid line), 20 (pink, solid line) and 25 µM NO (dark green, solid line); (B) The corresponding calibration plot; (C) Amperometric i-t curve response of the PtW/rGO-IL nanocomposite electrode recorded for 50 nM NO (a), 5 µM NO2− (b), 5 µM NH3 (c), 5 µM CO (d), 5 µM CO2 (e), 5 µM H2S (f) and 50 nM NO (g) Eapp: 0.78 V; (D) The plot of comparison of the NO sensor response to NO in the absence (a) and in the presence (g) of various potential interferents: NO2− (b), NH3 (c), CO (d), CO2 (e) and H2S (f). Electrolyte: in 0.1 M PB (pH: 7.4).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Eroglu E., Gottschalk B., Charoensin S., Blass S., Bischof H., Rost R., Madreiter-Sokolowski C.T., Pelzmann B., Bernhart E., Sattler W., et al. Development of Novel FP-Based Probes for Live-Cell Imaging of Nitric Oxide Dynamics. Nat. Commun. 2016;7:10623. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10623. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ye K.Y., Kehr G., Daniliuc C.G., Liu L., Grimme S., Erker G. Coupling of Carbon Monoxide with Nitrogen Monoxide at a Frustrated Lewis Pair Template. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016;55:9216–9219. doi: 10.1002/anie.201603760. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baldim V., Ismail A., Taladriz-Blanco P., Griveau S., de Oliveira M.G., Bedioui F. Amperometric Quantification of S-Nitrosoglutathione Using Gold Nanoparticles: A Step toward Determination of S-Nitrosothiols in Plasma. Anal. Chem. 2016;88:3115–3120. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04035. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pradhan T., Jung H.S., Jang J.H., Kim T.W., Kang C., Kim J.S. Chemical Sensing of Neurotransmitters. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014;43:4684–4713. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60477b. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yong Y., Li C., Li X., Li T., Cui H., Lv S. Ag7Au6 Cluster as a Potential Gas Sensor for CO, HCN, and NO Detection. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2015;119:7534–7540. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02151. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources