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Review
. 2017 Apr 1;64(7):319-324.

[Meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer: from diagnosis to treatment]

[Article in Spanish]
Affiliations
  • PMID: 28345737
Review

[Meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer: from diagnosis to treatment]

[Article in Spanish]
C Elm'hadi et al. Rev Neurol. .

Abstract

The appearance of meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer is an event that is being reported increasingly more frequently in the literature. It seems to be related with the lengthening of the patients' lives, improved sensitivity to diagnostic imaging and impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to the chemotherapeutic agents. It is an evolutionary form that affirms the metastatic invasion of the subarachnoidal space and is correlated with limited survival. Its diagnosis is difficult, due to the lack of specificity of the clinical signs dominated by headaches, cognitive disorders and possible signs and symptoms of progressive focal lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the spinal cord interpreted by a specialist in neuro-oncology is the preferred examination in this indication, in the search for an increase in meningeal enhancement. Biological analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid is an essential element in the diagnosis. In addition to the biochemical study, the presence of neoplastic cells is in itself enough to confirm the diagnosis. False negatives are very common and represent an important diagnostic problem that entails the need to repeat the lumbar punctures. The therapeutic methods are standard, often invasive, dominated by intrathecal chemotherapy and are based on low-level scientific evidence. This study analyses the epidemiology, the prognostic factors, the diagnostic tools, currently available treatments and the possible future therapies of meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer.

Title: Carcinomatosis meningea en el cancer de mama: del diagnostico al tratamiento.

La aparicion de carcinomatosis meningea en el cancer de mama es un suceso cada vez mas comunicado en la bibliografia. Parece relacionarse con el alargamiento de la vida de las pacientes, la mejor sensibilidad al diagnostico por imagen y la impermeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefalica a los agentes quimioterapicos. Es una forma evolutiva que afirma la invasion metastasica del espacio subaracnoideo y se correlaciona con una supervivencia limitada. El diagnostico es dificil, debido a la inespecificidad de los signos clinicos dominados por cefaleas, trastornos cognitivos, y posibles sintomas y signos de lesiones focales progresivas. La resonancia magnetica del cerebro y de la medula espinal interpretada por un especialista en neurooncologia es el examen de eleccion en esta indicacion, en busqueda de un incremento en la captacion meningea. El analisis biologico del liquido cefalorraquideo es un elemento esencial en el diagnostico. Ademas del estudio bioquimico, la presencia de celulas neoplasicas es por si sola suficiente para confirmar el diagnostico. El numero de falsos negativos es muy comun y representa un gran problema diagnostico que requiere una repeticion de las punciones lumbares. Los metodos terapeuticos son estandares, a menudo invasivos, dominados por la quimioterapia intratecal y se basan sobre una evidencia cientifica de bajo nivel. Se analiza la epidemiologia, los factores pronosticos, las herramientas diagnosticas, los tratamientos disponibles en la actualidad y las posibles terapias futuras de la carcinomatosis meningea en el cancer de mama.

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