Influence of DNA sequence on the formation of non-B right-handed helices in oligopurine.oligopyrimidine inserts in plasmids

Abstract

A systematic study was conducted on seven recombinant plasmids harboring synthetic inserts which had all purines on one strand and all pyrimidines on the complementary strand (Pur.Pyr). The inserts ranged in G+C content from 100% [G19.C19] to 0% [A20.T20] with intermediate contents at 66% [(TCC)8.(GGA)8], 50% [(CT)12.(AG)12 and (TTCC)6.(GGAA)6], 33% [(TTC)8.(GAA)8], and 25% [(GAAA)6.(TTTC)6]. The specific reactions at the base pair level of these inserts with enzymatic (S1 and P1 nucleases) and chemical (bromoacetaldehyde, OsO4, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and dimethyl sulfate) probes were evaluated as influenced by pH, negative supercoiling, and ionic strength (NaCl). Supercoil-induced relaxation studies using two-dimensional gels also provided important conformational information. We conclude that the five inserts with 66-25% G+C adopt a non-B right-handed conformation which is stabilized by negative supercoiling. Low pH (pH values 4.5-5.0) tends to stabilize this structure but is not essential for its formation. Surprisingly, an end bias of reactivity from the center toward the 5'-end of the purine strand of these inserts was generally found for the enzymatic and chemical probes which was irrespective of the orientation of the insert in the pRW790 vector. An intramolecular triple-stranded model for the unusual structure of the insert accounts most favorably for these observations. Unexpectedly, the A20.T20 insert seems to remain in an orthodox right-handed B-conformation under all conditions tested. The G19.C19 insert does adopt a non-B right-handed structure as for the five inserts with 66-25% G+C, but the pattern of reactivities and hence its conformation is different.