Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Jan:39:e228.
doi: 10.1017/S0140525X16000017.

GANEing traction: The broad applicability of NE hotspots to diverse cognitive and arousal phenomena

Mara Mather  1 , David Clewett  2 , Michiko Sakaki  3 , Carolyn W Harley  4
Affiliations

GANEing traction: The broad applicability of NE hotspots to diverse cognitive and arousal phenomena

Mara Mather et al. Behav Brain Sci. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

The GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model proposes that local glutamate-norepinephrine interactions enable "winner-take-more" effects in perception and memory under arousal. A diverse range of commentaries addressed both the nature of this "hotspot" feedback mechanism and its implications in a variety of psychological domains, inspiring exciting avenues for future research.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. R1
Fig. R1
(A) Arousing negative sounds were heard after seeing a background scene either alone or superimposed with a foreground object. (B) The arousing sounds impaired memory for the scene only when it was seen behind the object and, therefore, was somewhat suppressed by that competitor (Ponzio & Mather 2014).
Fig. R2
Fig. R2
Glutamate–NE hot spots originating in the amygdala modulate hippocampal activity via glutamatergic pathways. However, local NE release within the hippocampus also has an impact.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Albrecht S, Carbon CC. The fluency amplification model: Fluent stimuli show more intense but not evidently more positive evaluations. Acta Psychologica. 2014;148:195–203. - PubMed
    1. Anderson AK, Christoff K, Panitz D, De Rosa E, Gabrieli JD. Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2003;23(13):5627–33. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anderson AK, Wais PE, Gabrieli JDE. Emotion enhances remembrance of neutral events past. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006;103(5):1599–604. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506308103. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arnsten AF, Raskind MA, Taylor FB, Connor DF. The effects of stress exposure on prefrontal cortex: Translating basic research into successful treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurobiology of Stress. 2015;1:89–99. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arnsten AF, Wang MJ, Paspalas CD. Neuromodulation of thought: Flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses. Neuron. 2012;76(1):223–39. - PMC - PubMed