The Relationship of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression with Disease Severity and Treatment Modality in Myasthenia Gravis: A Cross-sectional Study
- PMID: 28360560
- PMCID: PMC5363419
- DOI: 10.4274/npa.y5611
The Relationship of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression with Disease Severity and Treatment Modality in Myasthenia Gravis: A Cross-sectional Study
Abstract
Introduction: Findings about the relationship between psychopathology and severity of myasthenia gravis (MG) seem scarce and conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depressive and anxiety symptoms with disease severity and treatment modalities among a cohort of patients with MG.
Methods: Sixty-seven patients, who presented to the neuromuscular outpatient clinic, at a neuropsychiatry hospital in Istanbul, Turkey in a two-month period, were recruited consecutively. A total of 42 patients with MG were invited to participate in the study. None of the patients refused to participate. Severity of MG was assessed according to the Osserman and Genkins classification. The participants were evaluated by a sociodemographic form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item version (HAM-D), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).
Results: The patients with stage IIB MG had significantly higher scores on the BAI, HAM-D, HAM-A total and somatic anxiety than those with stage I and IIA MG (p<0.05). Likewise, the patients taking a combination of prednisolone+pyridostigmine/azathioprine had significantly higher scores on the BAI, HAM-D, HAM-A total and somatic anxiety than those taking only prednisolone (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that disease severity and stressful life events were the factors associated with the HAM-D scores. Disease severity, treatment modalities, and gender were the factors associated with the HAM-A scores.
Conclusion: The results of the present study may suggest that patients with relatively more severe MG or those taking a combination of immunosupressive and anticholinesterase medications need psychiatric/psychological evaluation.
Amaç: Psikopatolojiyle miyastenia gravis (MG) şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiye dair bulgular az ve çelişkili görünmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MG hastalarından oluşan küçük bir kohortta, depresyon ve anksiyete ile hastalık şiddeti ve tedavi biçimi arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaktır.
Yön tem: İki aylık bir süre boyunca, İstanbul’daki bir nöromüsküler hastalıklar polikliniğine ardışık olarak başvuran MG tanısı alan 67 hasta çalışmaya davet edildi ve toplam 42 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların tümü çalışmaya katılmayı kabul etti. MG şiddeti Osserman ve Genkins sınıflandırmasına göre belirlendi. Katılımcıların durumu, sosyodemografik form, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği’nin 17 maddeli uyarlaması (HDDÖ) ve Hamilton Anksiyete Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HADÖ) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Evre IIB olan MG hastalarının BAE, HDDÖ ile HADÖ toplam ve bedensel anksiyete puanları, evre I ve evre IIA olan MG hastalarının puanlarına göre önemli ölçüde yüksekti (p<0,05). Benzer olarak, prednizolon-piridostigmin/azatioprin alan hastaların BAE, HDDÖ ile HADÖ toplam ve bedensel anksiyete puanları, yalnız prednizolon alan hastaların puanlarına göre önemli ölçüde yüksekti (p<0,05). Lineer regresyon analizi, hastalık şiddeti ve stresli yaşam olaylarının HDDÖ puanıyla ilişkili etmenler olduğunu ortaya koyuyordu. Hastalık şiddeti, tedavi biçimi ve cinsiyet ise HADÖ puanlarıyla ilişkili etmenlerdi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan, görece şiddetli MG’si olan hastaların veya antikolinesteraz-immunosupresif kombinasyonu kullanan hastaların psikiyatrik/psikolojik açıdan dikkatle değerlendirilmelerinin gerekebileceği sonucu çıkarılabilir.
Keywords: Depression; anxiety; myasthenia gravis; stressful life events.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of interest: The authors reported no conflict of interest related to this article. Çıkar çatışması: Yazarlar bu makale ile ilgili olarak herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemişlerdir.
Similar articles
-
Depression: A Contributing Factor to the Clinical Course in Myasthenia Gravis Patients.Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Dec 28;60(1):56. doi: 10.3390/medicina60010056. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023. PMID: 38256317 Free PMC article.
-
Studying the relationship between clinical features and mental health among late-onset myasthenia gravis patients.World J Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 19;12(3):470-482. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.470. eCollection 2022 Mar 19. World J Psychiatry. 2022. PMID: 35433329 Free PMC article.
-
The scores of Hamilton depression, anxiety, and panic agoraphobia rating scales in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2008 Feb;8(1):43-7. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2008. PMID: 18258533
-
Novel Augmentation Strategies in Major Depression.Dan Med J. 2017 Apr;64(4):B5338. Dan Med J. 2017. PMID: 28385173 Review.
-
Assessing depression in cardiac patients: what measures should be considered?Depress Res Treat. 2014;2014:148256. doi: 10.1155/2014/148256. Epub 2014 Feb 6. Depress Res Treat. 2014. PMID: 24649359 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Prospective study of stress, depression and personality in myasthenia gravis relapses.BMC Neurol. 2020 Jun 29;20(1):261. doi: 10.1186/s12883-020-01802-4. BMC Neurol. 2020. PMID: 32600271 Free PMC article.
-
Comorbid Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis.Case Rep Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 8;2020:8967818. doi: 10.1155/2020/8967818. eCollection 2020. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2020. PMID: 32089937 Free PMC article.
-
Pain, Headache, and Other Non-motor Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis.Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 May 3;22(6):39. doi: 10.1007/s11916-018-0687-3. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018. PMID: 29725917 Review.
-
Depression: A Contributing Factor to the Clinical Course in Myasthenia Gravis Patients.Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Dec 28;60(1):56. doi: 10.3390/medicina60010056. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023. PMID: 38256317 Free PMC article.
-
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among myasthenia gravis (MG) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain Behav. 2023 Jan;13(1):e2840. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2840. Epub 2022 Dec 10. Brain Behav. 2023. PMID: 36495116 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Craig TJ. An epidemiological study of a psychiatric liaison service. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982;4:131–137. - PubMed
-
- Kulaksizoglu IB. Mood and anxiety disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis; aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. CNS Drugs. 2007;21:473–481. - PubMed
-
- McCabe MP, McKern S, McDonald E. Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:355–361. - PubMed
-
- Keesey JC. Does myasthenia gravis affect brain? J Neuro Sci. 1999;170:77–89. - PubMed
-
- Hirschfeld RM, Keller MB, Panico S, Arons BS, Barlow D, Davidoff F, Endicott J, Froom J, Goldestein M, Gorman JM, Marek RG, Maurer TA, Meyer R, Philips K, Ross J, Schwenk TL, Sharfstein SS, Thase ME, Wyatt RJ. The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association consensus statement on the undertreatment of depression. JAMA. 1997;277:333–340. - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources