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. 2017 Mar 16:8:365.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00365. eCollection 2017.

Sub-high Temperature and High Light Intensity Induced Irreversible Inhibition on Photosynthesis System of Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tao Lu  1 , Zhaojuan Meng  1 , Guoxian Zhang  1 , Mingfang Qi  1 , Zhouping Sun  1 , Yufeng Liu  1 , Tianlai Li  1
Affiliations

Sub-high Temperature and High Light Intensity Induced Irreversible Inhibition on Photosynthesis System of Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tao Lu et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

High temperature and high light intensity is a common environment posing a great risk to organisms. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of sub-high temperature and high light intensity stress (HH, 35°C, 1000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) and recovery on the photosynthetic mechanism, photoinhibiton of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), and reactive oxygen (ROS) metabolism of tomato seedlings. The results showed that with prolonged stress time, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Rubisco activity, maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), efficient quantum yield and electron transport of PSII [Y(II) and ETR(II)] and PSI [Y(I) and ETR(I)] decreased significantly whereas yield of non-regulated and regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)] increased sharply. The donor side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)] increased but the acceptor side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] decreased. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased while activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly inhibited compared with control. HH exposure affected photosynthetic carbon assimilation, multiple sites in PSII and PSI, ROS accumulation and elimination of Solanum lycopersicum L.

Keywords: PSI; PSII; antioxidant system; photoinhibition; photosynthesis.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn, A), transpiration rate (Tr, B), stomatal conductance (Gs, C), vapor pressure deficit (VPD, D), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, E), and stomatal limitation value (Ls, F) of tomato leaves. The vertical dashed line indicates the transfer of plants back to the control phytotron. Data are the means of six replicates with standard errors shown by vertical bars. ∗indicates significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), and ∗∗indicates a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on the expression of large (rbcL) and small (rbcS) subunits of Rubisco, and Rubisco activities of tomato leaves. Lower-case letters and capital letters represent significant difference levels based on One-way ANOVA (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) respectively. Mean ± SE, n = 3.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, A), potential activities of PSII (Fv/Fo, B), the maximal fluorescence (Fm, C), the initial fluorescence (Fo, D), and efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’, E) of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on Y(II), efficient quantum yield of PSII (A); ETR(II), relative electron transport rate of PSII (B); Y(NO), yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (C); Y(NPQ), yield of regulated energy dissipation of PSII (D) of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on expression of related coding genes of the PSII reaction center complex of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on the amount of D1 protein in thylakoids of tomato leaves. Amount of D1 were determined by immunoblotting with specific D1-N terminal antibodies (28 kD). Relative densitometry values for D1 are presented on the right. CK T5d and CK R15d samples represent 100% respectively.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on Y(I), the effective quantum yield of PSI (A); ETR(I), relative electron transport rate of PSI (B); Y(ND), donor side limitation of PSI (C); Y(NA), acceptor side limitation of PSI (D); Pm, the maximum change of P700 signal (E) of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on expression of related coding genes of the PSI reaction center complex of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on lipid peroxidation (expressed as MDA content, A) and free radical species (mainly H2O2, B) of tomato leaves.
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Effects of sub-high temperature and high light treatment and recovery on genes expression of antioxidant enzymes of tomato leaves.
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