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. 2017 Mar 31:7:45846.
doi: 10.1038/srep45846.

International incidence and mortality trends of liver cancer: a global profile

Martin C S Wong  1   2 , Johnny Y Jiang  3 , William B Goggins  1 , Miaoyin Liang  1 , Yuan Fang  1 , Franklin D H Fung  1 , Colette Leung  1 , Harry H X Wang  4   5 , Grace L H Wong  2   6   7 , Vincent W S Wong  2   6   7 , Henry L Y Chan  2   6   7
Affiliations

International incidence and mortality trends of liver cancer: a global profile

Martin C S Wong et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

We examined the global incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer, and evaluated the association between incidence/mortality and socioeconomic development (Human Development Index [HDI] and Gross Domestic Product [GDP]) using linear regression analysis. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of the trends was evaluated from join-point regression analysis. The global incidence of liver cancer varied widely by nine-fold, and was negatively correlated with HDI (men: r = -0.232, p = 0.003; women: r = -0.369, p < 0.001) and GDP per capita (men: r = -0.164, p = 0.036; women: r = -0.212, p = 0.007). Its mortality showed a similarly negative correlation with both indices. The greatest incidence rise in men was observed in Poland (AAPC = 17.5, 95% C.I. = 5.6, 30.9) and Brazil (AAPC = 13.2, 95% C.I. = 5.9, 21.0), whereas Germany (AAPC = 6.6, 95% C.I = 2.0, 11.5) and Norway (AAPC = 6.5, 95% C.I. = 3.2, 10.0) had the greatest increase in women. The mortality rates paralleled the incidence rates in most countries. For mortality, Malta (AAPC = 11.5, 95% C.I. = 3.9, 19.8), Australia (AAPC = 6.8, 95% C.I. = 2.2, 11.5) and Norway (APCC = 5.6, 95% C.I. = 2.8, 8.5) reported the biggest increase among men; whilst Australia (AAPC = 13.4, 95% C.I. = 7.8, 19.4) and Singapore (AAPC = 7.7, 95% C.I. = 4.1, 11.5) showed the most prominent rise among women. These epidemiological data identified countries with potentially increasing trends of liver cancer for preventive actions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Correlation between age-standardised incidence of liver cancer and Human Development Index (HDI) in men (left) and women (right); (b). Correlation between age-standardised incidence of liver cancer and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in men (left) and women (right).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Correlation between age-standardised mortality of liver cancer and Human Development Index (HDI) in men (left) and women (right); (b). Correlation between age-standardised mortality of liver cancer and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in men (left) and women (right).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of liver cancer incidence in men (left) and women (right) in the most recent 10 years; (b). The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of liver cancer mortality in men (left) and women (right) in the most recent 10 years.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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