Early Detection and Screening for Breast Cancer

Abstract

Objective: To review the history, current status, and future trends related to breast cancer screening.

Data sources: Peer-reviewed articles, web sites, and textbooks.

Conclusion: Breast cancer remains a complex, heterogeneous disease. Serial screening with mammography is the most effective method to detect early stage disease and decrease mortality. Although politics and economics may inhibit organized mammography screening programs in many countries, the judicious use of proficient clinical and self-breast examination can also identify small tumors leading to reduced morbidity.

Implications for nursing practice: Oncology nurses have exciting opportunities to lead, facilitate, and advocate for delivery of high-quality screening services targeting individuals and communities. A practical approach is needed to translate the complexities and controversies surrounding breast cancer screening into improved care outcomes.

Keywords: advocacy; breast cancer; breast centers; early stage; quality; screening.