Helmet under-utilization by children during equestrian events is associated with increased traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Purpose: Awareness of equestrian related injury remains limited. Studies evaluating children after equestrian injury report under-utilization of safety equipment and rates of operative intervention as high as 33%.

Methods: We hypothesized that helmets are underutilized during equestrian activity and lack of use is associated with increased traumatic brain injury. We queried the trauma database of a level one pediatric trauma center for all cases of equestrian and rodeo related injury from 2005 to 2015. Analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4.

Results: Of 312 children identified, 142 were assessed for use of a helmet. Only 28 children (19.7%) had documented use of a helmet. Most injuries occurred while riding a horse (83%) or bull (13%) with traumatic brain injury being the most common injury (51%). Helmet use was associated with decreased ISS (7.1 vs. 11.3, p<0.01), TBI (32.4% vs. 55.3%, p=0.03), and ICU admission (10.7% vs. 29%, p=0.05). Multivariable analysis reveals lack of helmet use to be an independent predictor of TBI (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.3).

Conclusion: Helmets are underutilized by children during equestrian related activity. Increased awareness of TBI and education encouraging helmet use may decrease morbidity associated with equestrian activities.

Level of evidence: Retrospective comparative study, Level III.

Keywords: Equestrian; Helmet; Pediatric; Traumatic brain injury.