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. 2017 Aug;162(8):2357-2362.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3351-z. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Calves are susceptible to infection with the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus, but not with the swine enteric alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Kwonil Jung  1 , Hui Hu  2   3 , Linda J Saif  4
Affiliations

Calves are susceptible to infection with the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus, but not with the swine enteric alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Kwonil Jung et al. Arch Virol. 2017 Aug.

Abstract

Fecal virus shedding, seroconversion and histopathology were evaluated in 3-7-year-old gnotobiotic calves orally inoculated with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) (9.0-9.6 log10 genomic equivalents [GE] of OH-FD22-P5; n=4) or porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (10.2-12.5 log10 GE of PC21A; n=3). In PDCoV-inoculated calves, an acute but persisting fecal viral RNA shedding and PDCoV-specific serum IgG antibody responses were observed, but without lesions or clinical disease. However, no fecal shedding, seroconversion, histological lesions, and clinical disease were detected in PEDV-inoculated calves. Our data indicate that calves are susceptible to infection by the newly emerged PDCoV, but not by the swine coronavirus, PEDV.

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Conflict of interest statement

Neither of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper. All authors have seen and approved the manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Persisting fecal viral RNA shedding of calf #1 inoculated with PDCoV strain OH-FD22-P5, but without diarrhea. Calf #1 was inoculated orally with 9.6 log10 GE of the gnotobiotic pig-passaged OH-FD22-P5. It was monitored for long-term clinical signs and virus shedding at PIDs 1 to 16. Rectal swabs were collected daily throughout the experiment. The PDCoV fecal shedding titers were determined by qRT-PCR. The dotted line indicates the detection limit (4.6 log10 GE/ml) of the qRT-PCR
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Detection of serum IgG antibodies against PDCoV or PEDV by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). PDCoV-inoculated calf #1 and PEDV-inoculated calf #5 were monitored for long-term clinical signs and virus shedding until PID 16-17. The serum samples were collected at PID 0 and PID 16-17. Four-fold serial dilutions, beginning at 1:4, of the paired serum samples of calves #1 and #5 were added and incubated onto PDCoV-infected LLC-PK cells or PEDV-infected Vero cells. Swine hyperimmune antiserum against PDCoV or monoclonal antibody against the spike protein of PEDV was added as positive controls. Note that large numbers of IF-stained cells were evident when PDCoV-infected LLC-PK cells were incubated with the serum of calf #1 diluted 1:4. In PEDV-inoculated calf #5, however, there were no detectable PEDV-specific IgG antibodies in the serum samples (diluted 1:4) at PID 0 and PID 16. Original magnification, all ×200
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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