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. 2017 Jul;145(9):1913-1921.
doi: 10.1017/S0950268817000577. Epub 2017 Apr 4.

Mother-to-child HIV transmissions in Israel, 1985-2011

Z Mor  1 , R Sheffer  1 , D Chemtob  2
Affiliations

Mother-to-child HIV transmissions in Israel, 1985-2011

Z Mor et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the leading cause of paediatric HIV-infection in Israel. This study aimed to assess MTCT rates and analyse temporal changes in relation to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) introduction in 1996. This historical prospective study included all HIV-infected women who delivered in Israel between 1988 and 2011. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapy characteristics were compared between HIV-infected newborns with all others, and between infants born before and after 1996. Of all 796 infants born in Israel to HIV-infected women, 25 (3·1%) were infected. MTCT rates decreased significantly after HAART introduction compared with infants who were born before 1996 (16·3% vs. 1·7%). Mothers who infected vertically were more likely to be younger, Ethiopian-born, delivered trans-vaginally, not treated with HAART during pregnancy/labour and delivered before 1996 compared with mothers who did not transmit the HIV to their neonates. Newborns who did not receive antiretroviral therapy postpartum were more commonly HIV-infected and their mortality rate was higher. In conclusion, HAART during pregnancy/labour decreased MTCT significantly. Most MTCT in Israel was recorded among Ethiopian migrants, yet, in decreasing rates. Continuous efforts should be employed to encourage early HIV testing and allow effective HAART to pregnant women who belong to a key risk-group.

Keywords: AIDS; caesarean section; highly active retroviral therapy; infant; mother-to-child transmission.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Number of infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Israel and rates of vertical transmission, 1988–2011.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Number of infants born to HIV-infected mothers of Ethiopian origin in Israel, rates of vertical transmission, HAART for the mothers and ART to newborn, 1988–2011.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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