Use of Hormone Replacement in Females with Endocrine Disorders

Abstract

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is necessary in adolescents with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in order to avoid estrogen deficiency. The goal of this minirewiew is to present the different types of estrogens (17β-estradiol, estradiol valerate, ethinyl estradiol, and combined equine estrogens) as well as the different types of progestins available. In order to choose among the different types of HRTs, the features of each regimen are being discussed as well as their risks and their respective benefits. The differences between oral combined contraceptive pills and a dissociated regimen containing estrogen and progestins are emphasized. The different effects of HRTs, mainly on feminization, growth spurt, bone mass as well as cardiovascular risk, and the follow-up of these young patients are presented. HRT in adolescents and young adults with estrogen deficiency is necessary and should be continued until the age of natural menopause. Studies have so far essentially included children or adolescents with Turner syndrome. Therefore, studies on HRT including patients with POI and a normal karyotype are necessary.

Keywords: Contraceptive pill; Estrogen; Premature ovarian insufficiency; Progestin.