Impact of previous cardiac surgery in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Redo surgical aortic valve replacement after prior cardiac surgery is usually related to a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) became an alternative therapy for those patients in the past couple of years.

Evidence acquisition: We aimed in this study to analyze the outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI after a prior cardiac surgery especially those who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to see if TAVI offers any advantages for those patients than conventional surgical aortic valve replacement.

Evidence synthesis: We searched for relevant articles in Medline and abstracted clinical information based on pre-defined criteria and endpoints. Data of nine studies including the baseline characteristics, implantation data, postoperative outcomes and major adverse cardiac complications, which were published between 2011 and 2015 were collected and evaluated. From all reviewed studies, 769 patients had a prior cardiac surgery and underwent TAVI for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Of these, 738 patients (96%) had prior CABG. Patients' age ranged from 78±3 to 82±5.8 years. The STS and EuroSCORE ranged from 4.5±3% to 14.7±12.3% and 25.6±16.2% to 37±18%, respectively. In all reviewed studies the 30-day mortality was about 5.6% and was not significantly higher compared to patients with no history of prior cardiac surgery. The total incidence of stroke was about 3.6%, myocardial infarction was 1.7%, acute kidney injury was 13.8% and permanent pacemaker implantation was about 14.2%.

Conclusions: However, patients presented with severe aortic valve disease after a previous cardiac surgery exhibited a higher preoperative STS and EuroSCORE than those without previous cardiac surgery. The 30-day mortality was not significantly higher in comparison to those patients without history of prior cardiac surgery. According to that, transcatheter aortic valve implantation should be considered as an attractive alternative for those patients.