Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Known Causes, Unknown Effects

Abstract

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathologic diagnosis typically made in human brains with a history of repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI). It remains unknown whether CTE occurs exclusively after rTBI, or whether a single TBI (sTBI) can cause CTE. Similarly, it is unclear whether impact (eg, motor vehicle accidents) and non-impact (eg, blasts) types of energy transfer trigger divergent or common pathologies. While it is established that a history of rTBI increases the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases (eg, dementia, parkinsonism, and CTE), the possible pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms underlying these risks have yet to be elucidated.

Keywords: Acute and long-term effects; Chronic traumatic encephalopathy; Diffuse axonal injury; Neurodegeneration; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Tau; Traumatic brain injury; β-Amyloid.