Function of lipid droplet-organelle interactions in lipid homeostasis

Abstract

Storage of non-polar lipids in ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles, lipid droplets (LDs), prevents the toxic consequences of unesterified fatty acids and provides a lipid reservoir that can be promptly used to satisfy cellular needs under multiple metabolic and physiological conditions. Tight temporal and spatial control of LD biogenesis and mobilization of neutral lipids is essential for the correct channelling of lipid intermediates to their various cellular destinations and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. These functions are mediated by multiple interactions between LDs and other intracellular organelles that are required for the delivery of stored lipids. Here we review recent advances in the interactions of LDs with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and vacuole/lysosome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Contact Sites edited by Christian Ungermann and Benoit Kornmann.

Keywords: Contact site; Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid droplet; Triacylglycerol; Vacuole; Yeast.