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. 2017 Apr 12;17(1):270.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2392-y.

Lower genetic variability of HIV-1 and antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant women from the state of Pará, Brazil

Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado  1 , Iran Barros Costa  2 , Maria Nazaré Folha  3 , Anderson Levy Bessa da Luz  2 , Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto  2 , Ricardo Ishak  2 , Marluisa Oliveira Guimarães Ishak  2
Affiliations

Lower genetic variability of HIV-1 and antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant women from the state of Pará, Brazil

Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1, as well as the resistance profile of the viruses identified in HIV-1 infected pregnant women under antiretroviral therapy in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 45 HIV-1 infected pregnant to determine the virus subtypes according to the HIV-1 protease (PR) gene and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) gene by sequencing the nucleotides of these regions. Drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.

Results: Out of 45 samples, only 34 could be amplified for PR and 30 for RT. Regarding the PR gene, subtypes B (97.1%) and C (2.9%) were identified; for the RT gene, subtypes B (90.0%), F (6.7%), and C (3.3%) were detected. Resistance to protease inhibitors (PI) was identified in 5.8% of the pregnant, and mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%, while mutations conferring resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%.

Conclusions: These results showed a low frequency of strains resistant to antiretroviral drugs, the prevalence of subtypes B and F, and the persistent low transmission of subtype C in pregnant of the state of Pará, Brazil.

Keywords: HIV-1; Molecular epidemiology; Pregnant.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic analysis based on the alignment of 249 nucleotides of the pro gene of samples from Pará (♦) with reference strains from the Los Alamos database. The sequence SIVCPZgab was used as an outgroup. The tree was constructed using the Kimura 2-parameter neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The numbers on the nodes of the tree indicate the bootstrap value obtained using 2000 replicates. The scale bar represents a difference of 2%
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of the 450 nucleotides of the reverse transcriptase gene of 24 samples from Pará (•) with reference strains from the Los Alamos database. The tree was constructed using the Kimura 2-parameter neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The numbers on the nodes of the tree indicate the bootstrap value obtained using 2000 replicates. The scale bar represents a difference of 1%
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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