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Review
. 2017 Mar 1:3:8.
doi: 10.1186/s40813-017-0053-6. eCollection 2017.

The use of vaccines to control pathogen spread in pig populations

Nicolas Rose  1 , Mathieu Andraud  1
Affiliations
Review

The use of vaccines to control pathogen spread in pig populations

Nicolas Rose et al. Porcine Health Manag. .

Abstract

Vaccine efficacy has often been studied from the viewpoint of individual direct clinical protection. For several vaccines, a decrease in pathogen shedding in vaccinated animals has also been documented, which suggests that transmission between individuals has the potential to be reduced. In addition, vaccination induces an immune response in the host potentially decreasing susceptibility to infection in comparison with immunologically naïve animals. As a collective result of individual vaccinations, vaccine programmes generally have a wider impact on pathogen diffusion at the population scale. Beyond the individual protection conferred by mass vaccination campaigns, the indirect protection of non-immune individuals in contact with vaccinated ones also contributes to controlling pathogen spread at the population scale; a phenomenon known as herd immunity. Pathogen spread within pig populations is strongly related to the required vaccine coverage at the population level and to pathogen characteristics in terms of diffusion ([Formula: see text]). Before setting up vaccination programmes, it is therefore necessary to have quantitative knowledge on vaccine efficacy as regards transmission reduction. These data can be obtained by carrying out experimental studies or observational protocols in real conditions. These quantitative data have mainly been estimated for major infectious diseases which have now been eradicated. A great gap in knowledge has however been identified for enzootic diseases which are daily impacting the swine sector as well as for the source of variation responsible for a decrease in vaccine efficacy as compared to assessments obtained in experimental conditions.

Keywords: Herd immunity; Infectious disesases; Pig populations; Reproduction number; Vacccination.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Relationships between the vaccine coverage within the population (proportion of the population to be immunized) and the R0 value (particular case of vaccine conferring a “perfect” protection)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Evolution of the vaccine coverage (proportion of the population to be vaccinated) according to the basic reproduction number R0 and for different values of Rv (effective reproduction number when the whole population is vaccinated)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Theoretical comparison of « batch to batch » (a) and « mass » (b) vaccination from the vaccine coverage of the population point of view
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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