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. 2017 Jul 18;8(29):47037-47051.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16694.

Incidence and survival differences in esophageal cancer among ethnic groups in the United States

Zheling Chen  1 , Yinghong Ren  2 , Xianglin L Du  3 , Jiao Yang  1 , Yanwei Shen  1 , Shuting Li  1 , Yunying Wu  1 , Meng Lv  1 , Danfeng Dong  1 , Enxiao Li  1 , Wei Li  4 , Peijun Liu  5 , Jin Yang  1 , Min Yi  1   6
Affiliations

Incidence and survival differences in esophageal cancer among ethnic groups in the United States

Zheling Chen et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the differences in incidence, clinicopathological features, and survival in esophageal cancer among ethnic groups in the United States and to determine the reasons for the differences.

Result: A total of 49,766 patients were included. Black and Asian groups had a higher proportion of squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (85.5% and 75.4%, respectively) and mid-esophagus tumor (43.2% and 37.7% respectively) than the non-Hispanic white and Hispanic white groups. The incidences of ESCC in all ethnic groups declined since 1973, especially in black males. At the same time, incidences of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) dramatically increased in white males since 1973. And incidences of ESCC and EAC were the lowest and stable in Asian female. Multivariable models showed that patients who were male, or black, or had larger tumors, or positive lymph nodes had an increased risk of death from esophageal cancer, while patients with ESCC or diagnosed after 2005 or treated with surgery had a lower likelihood of death. For ESCC, the black patients had the lowest DSS, while for EAC there were no significant differences in DSS among the ethnic/racial groups.

Materials and method: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer from 1998-2013 were identified. Differences in incidences, clinicopathological features, treatments, and disease-specific survival (DSS) in four broad racial/ethnic groups were compared.

Conclusion: Histological type distribution between racial groups could be an important consideration in the incidence and the survival trend but other factors could also have an effect.

Keywords: esophageal cancer; ethnicity; incidence rate; survival; the united states.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Age-adjusted SEER incidence rates by ethnicity and sex, esophagus, all ages, 2000-2013 (SEER 18 registries)
Shown are invasive cases only. Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population (19 age groups - Census P25-1130).
Figure 2
Figure 2. The age-adjusted SEER incidences according to race and sex
from 1973-2013 (SEER 9 registries, A, B), A-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); B-esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC); from 2000-2013 (SEER 18 registries, C, D), C-ESCC, and D-EAC. The percentages are per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the 2000 United States Standard Population
Figure 3
Figure 3. Comparison of disease-specific survival (DSS) rates by different racial/ethnic groups
Figure 4
Figure 4. Comparison of disease-specific survival (DSS) rates by different racial/ethnic groups adjusted by stage and tumor histology
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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