Significance of mass and number of fibers in the correlation of V79 cytotoxicity with tumorigenic potential of mineral fibers

Abstract

The cytotoxicity of four tumorigenic minerals: erionite(w), erionite(c), UICC crocidolite, UICC chrysotile and nontumorigenic mordenite was compared in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells. The results indicate that the tumorigenic minerals were toxic by showing more than 50% toxicity for at least one dose between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. Mordenite was nontoxic. Higher potency of erionite, however, was not evident in this system when the dose considered was expressed in mass units. On the other hand, when the degree of cytotoxicity was considered per number of mineral fibers, it was clear that fewer erionite fibers of all three dimensions (A greater than or equal to 3; L greater than or equal to 8.0 micrometers, W less than or equal to 0.25 micrometer; and L less than 5.0 micrometers, W less than or equal to 0.1 micrometer) than those of UICC crocidolite and UICC chrysotile were needed to produce similar toxicity. This suggests that the dose in number of fibers may be a better parameter than the total mass dose as a correlate of tumorigenic potential.