Defining Cervical Elongation: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Objectives: Our primary aim was to define cervical elongation (CE) using the following methods: (1) measurement of pathology specimen, (2) physician perception, (3) intraoperative estimate of anterior cervical length, and (4) office Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) points C and D. Our secondary aim was to determine whether these definitions correlate with perioperative outcomes.

Methods: Women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and prolapse repair were enrolled. Office POP-Q measurements were collected. Estimates of cervical length were made based on points C minus D of the POP-Q and by manual exam using the surgeon's index and middle fingers. Cervical dimensions were measured from the pathology specimen at the end of the case. CE was defined as one standard deviation (SD) above the mean for each definition. Additional intraoperative data was collected to determine the surgeon perception of cervical anatomy.

Results: A total of 90 patients were enrolled during the study period. Our definitions for CE were as follows: (1) 5 cm (70 without and 20 with CE), (2) physician perception (67 without and 23 with CE), (3) 3.4 cm (79 without and 11 with CE), and (4) 8.3 cm (77 without and 13 with CE). After controlling for uterine weight and the presence of fibroids, the operative time was the only outcome measure that remained elevated for patients with CE using our first definition (42.4 ± 20.1 without vs. 53.8 ± 19.2 with CE, P = 0.03).

Conclusions: CE using our first definition was associated with a statistically significant increase in operative time in women undergoing hysterectomy at the time of prolapse repair.

Keywords: Cervical elongation; definition; outcomes; risk factors.