Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Apr 14;17(4):863.
doi: 10.3390/s17040863.

The Modeling and Simulation of the Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication via Handshake Channel

Maoyuan Li  1 , Yong Song  2 , Wansong Li  3 , Guangfa Wang  4 , Tianpeng Bu  5 , Yufei Zhao  6 , Qun Hao  7
Affiliations

The Modeling and Simulation of the Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication via Handshake Channel

Maoyuan Li et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the conductive properties of the body to transmit signal, and information interaction by handshake is regarded as one of the important applications of IBC. In this paper, a method for modeling the galvanic coupling intra-body communication via handshake channel is proposed, while the corresponding parameters are discussed. Meanwhile, the mathematical model of this kind of IBC is developed. Finally, the validity of the developed model has been verified by measurements. Moreover, its characteristics are discussed and compared with that of the IBC via single body channel. Our results indicate that the proposed method will lay a foundation for the theoretical analysis and application of the IBC via handshake channel.

Keywords: Information interaction; galvanic coupling; intra-body communication; transfer function.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The galvanic coupling intra-body communication between subject A and B via handshake channel.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The circuit model of the galvanic coupling intra-body communication via handshake channel.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Modeling of contacting parts corresponding to shaking hands, (a) human hand, (b) handshake gesture, and (c) the modeled palm corresponding to handshake.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The circuit model of the contacting parts corresponding to shaking hands.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Determination of ZH, (a) the modeled plam, (b) the modeled palm with unit length, (c) the unit impedances corresponding to five-layer tissue, and (d) the unit impedance ΔZH.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Determination of ZV; (a) the modeled plams corresponding to handshake, (b) the modeled palm with unit length, (c) the unit impedances corresponding to five-layer tissue, and (d) the unit impedance ΔZV.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The equivalent circuit of the galvanic coupling IBC via handshake channel.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The determination of Zcp. (a) is the analysis of the circuit model shown in Figure 4; (b) is the equivalent circuit of (a).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Parameter definitions and measurement setup. (a) Definitions of the geometry parameters; (b) The measurement setup.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The in vivo measurements of the different signal transmission distances.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Simulation results and the measurement results of the different signal transmission distances without the correction factor.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Simulation and measurement results of the signal transmission with different distances.
Figure 13
Figure 13
The in vivo measurements of signal transmission between different body parts of the two subjects.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Simulation and measurement results of signal transmission within different body parts.
Figure 15
Figure 15
The in vivo measurements of the signal transmission characteristics. (a) IBC via handshake channel; (b) IBC via single body channel.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Simulation and measurement results of the galvanic coupling intra-body communication (a) Results for the galvanic coupling intra-body communication via handshake channel; (b) Results for the IBC via single body channel.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Simulation results and the measurement results corresponding to Zi and Zo. (a) Results corresponding to different inter-electrodes distances of Zo, (b) Results corresponding to different inter-electrodes distances of Zi.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Zimmerman T.G. Personal Area Networks (PAN): Near-Field Intra-Body Communication. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA, USA: 1995.
    1. Gravina R., Alinia P., Ghasemzadeh H., Fortino G. Multi-sensor fusion in body sensor networks: State-of-the-art and research challenges. Inf. Fusion. 2017;35:68–80. doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2016.09.005. - DOI
    1. Fortino G., Giannantonio R., Gravina R., Kuryloski P., Jafari R. Enabling Effective Programming and Flexible Management of Efficient Body Sensor Network Applications. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 2013;43:115–133. doi: 10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2215852. - DOI
    1. Iyengar S., Bonda F.T., Gravina R., Guerrieri A., Fortino G., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A. A framework for creating healthcare monitoring applications using wireless body sensor networks; Proceedings of the ICST 3rd International Conference Body Area Networks; Tempe, AZ, USA. 13–17 March 2008.
    1. Shinagawa M., Fu M., Ochiai K., Kyuragi H. A near-field-sensing transceiver for intrabody communication based on the electrooptic effect. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 2004;6:1533–1538. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2004.834064. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources