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. 2017 Apr 4:8:508.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00508. eCollection 2017.

Family and Individual Risk and Protective Factors of Depression among Chinese Migrant Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms

Xu Liu  1 , Xiuyun Lin  1 , Qing Zhou  2 , Nan Zhou  1 , Yanbin Li  1 , Danhua Lin  1
Affiliations

Family and Individual Risk and Protective Factors of Depression among Chinese Migrant Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms

Xu Liu et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Migrant children reached 35.81 million in China and were vulnerable to serious emotional problems including depression. The present study aimed to identify the family and individual risk and protective factors for depression in an at-risk sample of Chinese migrant children. Participants were 368 children (9.47 ± 1.46 years old, 73.4% boys) who had at least one symptom of Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms (ODD) and their parents in Mainland China. Risk and protective factors within both family (i.e., family maltreatment and family functioning) and individual (i.e., automatic thoughts and resilience) perspectives. Family maltreatment and negative automatic thoughts served as risk factors in relation to children's depression. Further, automatic thoughts mediated the relationship between family maltreatment and children's depression. Family functioning (cohesion, but bot adaptability) and individual resilience could buffer the effects of risk factors in the Structure Emotion Model such that both cohesion and resilience moderated the relationship between family maltreatment and children's automatic thoughts only. Our findings highlighted the urgent need to decrease risk factors and increase protective factors of both family and child individual characteristics in prevention and intervention depression among migrant children with ODD symptoms in China.

Keywords: family factors; individual factors; migrant children; oppositional defiant disorder symptoms; protective factors; risk factors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proposed model of risk and protective factors of both family and individual associated with depression among migration child with ODD symptoms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Mediation Model of Family maltreatment, Automatic thoughts, and Depression. ***p < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Moderated Mediation Model with Adaptability and Resilience. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Moderated Mediation Model with Cohesion and Resilience. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Resilience moderated the relationship between family maltreatment and their automatic thoughts: the risk effects of family maltreatment to their automatic thoughts decreased significantly with the increasing levels of resilience.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Cohesion moderated the relationship between family maltreatment and children's automatic thoughts: the risk effects of family maltreatment to their automatic thoughts decreased significantly with the increasing level of family cohesion.
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