Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of an oral amoxicillin-apramycin combination in pigs

Abstract

A new compound granular premix of amoxicillin (20% w/w dry mass)/apramycin (5% w/w dry mass) was developed, and its pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were determined in pigs following oral administration following a cross-over study design. The pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin (t1/2λ = 6.43 ± 4.85h, Cmax = 3.2 ± 1.35 μg·mL-1, Tmax = 1.92 ± 0.58, AUCINF = 8.98 ± 2.11 h·μg·mL-1) and apramycin (t1/2λ = 8.67±4.4h, Cmax = 0.23 ± 0.12 μg·mL-1, Tmax = 2.25 ± 0.82 h, AUCINF = 12.37 ± 8.64h·μg·mL-1) when administered as the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix did not significantly differ from those for the single-ingredient powder form of each component. The relative bioavailability of amoxicillin following oral administration of the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix was 22.62% when compared to the intramuscular administration of commercial amoxicillin sodium-powder. This is the first report of a new amoxicillin-apramycin combination which has a potential veterinary application the for prevention and treatment digestive tract infections in pigs.

Fig 1. Plasma concentration of amoxicillin (μg·mL^-1) in pigs after oral administration at a dosage of 16 mg·kg^-1 amoxicillin.

Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).

Fig 2. Plasma concentration of apramycin (μg·mL^-1) in 6 pigs after oral administration at a dosage of 4 mg·kg^-1 apramycin.

Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).

Fig 3. Plasma concentration of amoxicillin (μg·mL^-1) in 6 pigs after oral and intramuscular administration at a dosage of 16 mg·kg^-1 amoxicillin.

Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).