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. 2017 Apr 20;12(4):e0176149.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176149. eCollection 2017.

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of an oral amoxicillin-apramycin combination in pigs

Chongshan Dai  1 , Tingting Zhao  1 , Xing Yang  1 , Xilong Xiao  1 , Tony Velkov  2 , Shusheng Tang  1
Affiliations

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of an oral amoxicillin-apramycin combination in pigs

Chongshan Dai et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

A new compound granular premix of amoxicillin (20% w/w dry mass)/apramycin (5% w/w dry mass) was developed, and its pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were determined in pigs following oral administration following a cross-over study design. The pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin (t1/2λ = 6.43 ± 4.85h, Cmax = 3.2 ± 1.35 μg·mL-1, Tmax = 1.92 ± 0.58, AUCINF = 8.98 ± 2.11 h·μg·mL-1) and apramycin (t1/2λ = 8.67±4.4h, Cmax = 0.23 ± 0.12 μg·mL-1, Tmax = 2.25 ± 0.82 h, AUCINF = 12.37 ± 8.64h·μg·mL-1) when administered as the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix did not significantly differ from those for the single-ingredient powder form of each component. The relative bioavailability of amoxicillin following oral administration of the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix was 22.62% when compared to the intramuscular administration of commercial amoxicillin sodium-powder. This is the first report of a new amoxicillin-apramycin combination which has a potential veterinary application the for prevention and treatment digestive tract infections in pigs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Plasma concentration of amoxicillin (μg·mL-1) in pigs after oral administration at a dosage of 16 mg·kg-1 amoxicillin.
Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Plasma concentration of apramycin (μg·mL-1) in 6 pigs after oral administration at a dosage of 4 mg·kg-1 apramycin.
Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Plasma concentration of amoxicillin (μg·mL-1) in 6 pigs after oral and intramuscular administration at a dosage of 16 mg·kg-1 amoxicillin.
Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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